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ICA > Common Skin Conditions > Flashcards

Common Skin Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Clinical features of atopic eczema/dermatitis

A
  • Pruritus
  • flexural
  • can occur in response to triggers
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2
Q

What is atopic eczema/dermatitis?

A

Dry itchy inflammed skin
Erythema
Flaking

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3
Q

Common history of atopic eczema/dermaitis

A
  • often begins in childhood
  • atopy
  • family history
  • recent change in soaps, fabric softeners etc.
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4
Q

Treatment of atopic eczema/dermatitis

A
  • education + support
  • avoidance of triggers
  • systemic therapy
  • topical: emollients, soap substitutes, steroids, phototherapy
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5
Q

What could be a trigger for atopic eczema/dermatitis?

A

Smoke
Soap
Perfume
Excessively dry skin

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6
Q

Causes of acne vulgaris

A
  • increased sebum production
  • excessive deposition of keratin in pores
  • overgrowth of cutibacterium acnes
  • pro-inflammatory chemicals released in skin
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7
Q

Treatment of acne vulagris

A
  • topical: non-antibiotic or antibiotic - erythromycin
  • systemic: antibitoics, over counter prescription, isotretinoin
  • consider psychological impact
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8
Q

Diagnosis of atopic eczema/dermatitis

A

Clinical diagnosis

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9
Q

Diagnosis of acne vulgaris

A

Clinical diagnosis

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10
Q

Diagnosis of psoriasis

A

Clinical diagnosis

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11
Q

Issue with isotretinoin

A

Teratogenic

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12
Q

Common history of psoriasis

A
  • chronic skin condition
  • equally in men + women
  • often between 20-30s + 50-60s
  • genetic predisposition
  • relapsing + remitting
  • identify triggers or iatrogenic cause
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13
Q

Cause of psoriasis

A

T cell cytokine production is stimulated > keratinocytes proliferation

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14
Q

Describe psoriasis

A

White flaky scales
Plaques
**

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15
Q

Describe acne vulgaris

A

Formation of comedones, papules, pustules, nodules + cysts due to inflammation of pilosebaceous units

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16
Q

Treatment of psoriasis

A
  • topical
  • phototherapy
  • systemic: oral + injectable
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17
Q

Describe urticaria (hives)

A

Wheels
Wide distribution
Associated with angio odema
Itchy

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18
Q

Cause of urticaria

A

Mast cell degranulation + histamine release > increased capillary permeability + leakage of fluid into surrounding tissue

19
Q

Treatment of urticaria

A
  • general education
  • H1/H2 antihistamines
  • steroids
20
Q

What is molluscum contagiosum?

A
  • Viral skin infection
  • Small firm spots that have a dimple in the middle
  • Often in children
  • Due to pox virus
  • self limiting
21
Q

What is shingles?

A
  • Viral skin incfection
  • Due to herpes zoster virus
  • Painful rash
  • Tingling sensation prior to rash
  • Vesicles in dermatomal pattern
22
Q

Treatment of shingles

A
  • Antivirals
  • Avoiding particular patient groups e.g. immunosuppressed, patient, not had chickenpox
23
Q

Treatment of molluscum contagiosum

A

Self limiting

24
Q

Types of viral skin infections

A

Shingles
Molluscum contagiosum

25
Q

Types of bacteria skin infections

A

Impetigo

26
Q

what is impetigo

A
  • Bacterial skin infection
  • highly contagious
  • due to staph aureus or strep pyrogenes
  • in areas of broken skin
27
Q

Treatment of impetigo

A

Topical antibiotics

28
Q

What is impetigo caused by?

A

Staph aureus
Strep pyrogenes

29
Q

Types of fungal skin infections

A

Dermatophytosis infection

30
Q

What is dermatophytosis infection?

A
  • superficial fungal infection
  • spread by direct contact
31
Q

Treatment of dermatophytosis infection

A
  • topical antifungals
  • advice: wash towels often, keep skin dry
32
Q

Types of skin cancer

A

Malignant melanoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma

33
Q

Main cause of malignant melanoma

A

UV light exposure

34
Q

Risk factors of malignant melanoma

A

Pale skin
Red/blonde hair
Lots of freckles
Family history
Sun exposure

35
Q

Treatment of malignant melanoma

A

Surgery
Radiotherapy if spread

36
Q

What is malignant melanoma?

A

Cancer from melanocytes

37
Q

What is squamous cell carcinoma characterised by?

A
  • abnormal + accelerated growth of squamous cells
  • in areas exposed to sun
38
Q

Treatment of squamous cell carcinoma

A

Surgery

39
Q

Most common type of skin cancer

A

Basal cell carcinoma

40
Q

What does basal cell carcinoma look like?

A
  • shiny skin coloured bump
  • is translucent
  • glossy looking
41
Q

Compare the age demographic effected between squamous and basal cell carcinoma

A

Squamous: middle age or older
Basal: older adults

42
Q

Cause of basal cell carcinoma

A

When one of the skin’s basal cells develops a mutation in its DNA
Often due to UV radiation

43
Q

Treatment of basal cell carcinoma

A

Surgery

44
Q

Causes of erythema nodosum

A

NODOSUM
- NO cause
- Drugs
- Over counter prescriptions
- Sarcoidosis + Streptococcus
- Ulcerative colitis + Crohn’s disease
- Materinity Mycobacterium

ICA (13 decks)

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