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dermatology (exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

atopic dermatitis affects the

A

skin creases and cheeks

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2
Q

acute atopic dermatitis

A

intensely pruritic
erythematous papule or vesicles

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3
Q

subacute atopic dermatitis

A

erythematous, excoriated papule and plaques

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4
Q

chronic atopic dermatitis

A

features of acute and subacute
thickened plaques of skin
accentuated skin markings

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5
Q

treatment for dry skin from atopic dermatitis

A

emollients
humectants
avoid hot water baths

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6
Q

treatment for pruritis from atopic dermatitis

A

topical corticosteroids

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7
Q

treatment for weeping papule from atopic dermatitis

A

cold compress
astringents

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8
Q

how to prevent infection in atopic dermatitis

A

keep the area clean with mild cleansers

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9
Q

emollients work by

A

filling the gaps between desquamating skin scales with oil droplets

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10
Q

humectants

A

hydrating agents
added to emollient bases to hydrate skin

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11
Q

examples of humectants

A

glycerin
urea
lactic acid
propylene glycol
phsopholipids

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12
Q

keratolytic agents

A

softens keratin
improves moisture binding

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13
Q

examples of keratolytic agents

A

urea
ammonium lactate
lactic acid
allantoin

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14
Q

topical corticosteroids for atopic dermatitis

A

hydrocortisone 0.5-1%

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15
Q

how to apply topical corticosteroids for atopic dermatitis

A

apply sparingly, 1-2 times daily

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16
Q

ADRs of topical corticosteroids

A

tachyphylaxis
thinning skin
local immunosuppression

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17
Q

exclusions for self care of atopic dermatitis

A

moderate-severe condition with intense pruritis
involvement of a large body area
< 1 year old
secondary infection likely
involvement of face and skin creases

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18
Q

xerosis clinical presentation

A

roughness
scaling
loss of flexibility
fissures
inflammation
pruritis

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19
Q

nonpharmacologic treatments for xerosis

A

increase enviroment humidity (humidifier)
bathing practices

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20
Q

bathing practices for xerosis

A

oiled oatmeal baths
avoid hot water bathing

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21
Q

what agents are preferred when treating xerosis

A

emollients
humectants
keratolytic agents

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22
Q

xerosis antipruritic treatment

A

topical corticosteroids

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23
Q

which treatments are for itching in xerosis but not really recommended?

A

topical anesthetics (ex: lidocaine)
counter irritants (camphor, menthol)
antihistamines (Benadryl)

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24
Q

exclusions to self care of xerosis

A

worsening of skin dryness after 7 days of treatment
large surface area involvement
broken skin with secondary infections

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25
dandruff is caused by
malassezia species
26
treatment for dandruff
medicated shampoos (pyrithione zinc, selenium sulfide, ketoconazole)
27
counseling points for medicated shampoos
contact time of 3-5 minutes daily for 1 week, then BIW, TIW for 2-3 weeks, then once weekly or qow
28
exclusions to self care of dandruff
appropriate use of self care products for 4-8 weeks without resolution
29
treatment of seborrheic dermatitis
medicated shampoos topical corticosteroids
30
when should topical corticosteroids be used for seborrheic dermatitis
intense erythema and pruritis do not use for more than 7 days in a row
31
which cases of psoriasis can be self treated?
mild cases with few isolated lesions, smaller than the size of a quarter
32
what can be used for treatment of mild psoriasis
salicylic acid (scale removal) bath oils emollients topical hydrocortisone (acute lesions)
33
exclusions to self care of psoriasis
large areas of involvement involvement of the face the presence of joint pain
34
irritant contact dermatitis
direct contact with irritants and subsequent inflammation acute or chronic
35
irritant contact dermatitis usually occurs on
the hands
36
substances associated with contact dermatitis
acids alkalis detergents epoxy resins ethylene oxide fiberglass flour oils oxidants reducing agents solvents urine feces wood dust
37
treatment of irritant contact dermatitis
wash area with lots of water after exposure hypoallergenic soap (dove, cetaphil) emollients
38
allergic contact dermatitis
type IV rxn urushiol induced - poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac
39
treatment for allergic contact dermatitis
corticosteroids (hydrocortisone - 1%) colloidal oatmeal baths astringents
40
when should corticosteroids be used in allergic contact dermatitis
for intense itching do NOT use on weeping areas
41
example of astringents what's it used for?
aluminum acetate weeping lesions
42
exclusions to self care for contact dermatitis
< 2 years old symptoms over 2 weeks > 20% BSA presence of numerous bullae extreme itching swelling of the body/extremities swollen eyes or eye lids involvement of genetalia or mucous membranes signs of infections failure of self care over 7 days
43
diaper rash is a form of
irritant contact demratitis
44
treatment for diaper rash
prophylaxis! change diaper and clean immediately after sensitive skin baby wipes skin protectants
45
exclusions to self care for diaper rash
lesions over 7 days infection present dermatitis beyond diaper rash region presence of constitutional symptoms associated UTI symptoms skin peeling and/or bullae formation chronic or frequently occurring lesions
46
what form of insect bites requires prescription treatment?
scabies
47
spider bites should be treated by
an experienced clinician
48
insect bites treatment
insect repellant N,N-Diethyl-M-Toluamide (DEET) local anesthetics topical antihistamines corticosteroids
49
DEET should not be used
in people under 2 years old
50
how much DEET should children receive? adults?
not more than 30% 10-40%
51
dosing for topical antihistamines, topical corticosteroids and local anesthetics for insect bites
3-4 times daily for up to 7 days
52
exclusions to self care for insect bites
hypersensitivity reaction < 2 years of age suspected spider or tick bite signs of secondary infection
53
grade 0 acne
clear skin
54
grade 1 acne
almost clear rare non-inflammatory lesions, no more than 1 small inflammatory lesion
55
grade 2 acne
mild severity some non-inflammatory, a few inflammatory
56
grade 3 acne
moderate severity many non-inflammatory, some inflammatory, one small nodular lesion
57
grade 4 acne
severe many non-inflammatory and inflammatory, a few nodular lesions
58
non pharmacological therapy for acne
adequate hydration cleaning with mild soap daily decreasing glycemic load in meals
59
pharmacological acne treatment and dosing
salicylic acid (1-2 times a day) benzoyl peroxide (BID) sulfur (1-3 times a day) hydroxy acids sulfur/resorcinol
60
salicylic acid may cause
sun sensitivity
61
do not use sulfur
alone or in sulfa allergy
62
which acne drugs are NOT used alone?
sulfur hydroxy acids sulfur/resorcinol
63
exclusions to self care of acne
moderate-severe acne exacerbating factors suspected rosacea
64
stage 1 burn/wound
minor or superficial burns only involves epidermis non-blanching erythema of intact skin
65
stage 2 burn/wound
superficial lesions with partial thickness skin loss
66
stage 3 burn/wound
full-thickness skin loss with damage to SQ tissue
67
stage 4 burn/wound
full-thickness skin loss with extensive tissue necrosis damage to muscle, tendon and bone
68
non pharmacological therapy for burns
apply cool tap water for 10-30 mins 3-6x a day appropriate wound dressing
69
pharmacological therapy for burns
skin protectants (after soaking) NSAIDs for pain
70
skin protectants for burns
allantoin cocoa butter petrolatum shark liver oil
71
exclusions to self care for burns
BSA involvement > 2% stage III or higher burns involving face, hands, feet, or perineum chemical burns electrical burns inhalation burns advanced age multiple comorbidities immunocompromised state
72
acute skin wounds non-pharm treatment
wound irrigation appropriate wound dressing
73
wound dressings should leave the wound
open to air
74
the goal of wound dressings is to
provide a moist wound environment
75
gauze is used for
minor burns wounds that are draining wounds that require debridement
76
disadvantage of gauze
can stick to wound
77
antimicrobial dressings contain
iodine and silver to prevent infection
78
foams, aliginate dressings are used to
absorb excess moisture
79
hydrocolloid and transparent film dressing are used to
maintain moisture
80
hydrogel dressings are used to
provide moisture
81
wound pharmacological treatment
topical anesthetics first aid antiseptics first aid antibiotics (bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxin B sulfate)
82
first aid antiseptics counseling points
only use on intact skin up to edges of damaged skin may dry skin
83
first aid antibiotics counseling points
only use on wounds that have debris or foreign bodies
84
complementary therapy for burns/wounds
aloe vera (apply to intact skin) honey
85
exclusions to self care of acute wounds
BSA involvement > 2% Stage III or higher wounds involving face, hands, feet or perineum advanced age multiple comorbidities immunocompromised state

Community Pharmacy (13 decks)

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