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Yr 3 - Core Conditions > Dermatology - Common Rashes > Flashcards

Dermatology - Common Rashes Flashcards

1
Q

Cause of meningococcal rash?

A

Neisseria meningitidis

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2
Q

Appearance of meningococcal rash?

A

Non-blanching purpuric or petechial rash. All children presenting with this assumed to have meningococcus until proven otherwise.

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3
Q

Other symptoms that accompany a meningococcal rash?

A

pyrexia, malaise, meningitis (20-30%)

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4
Q

Management of a meningococcal rash?

A

Immediate admission to hospital, resuscitation and administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics

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5
Q

Complications of a meningococcal rash?

A

septicaemia, meningitis

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6
Q

What is SJS/TEN?

A

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare, acute, and potentially fatal skin reactions that cause sheet-like skin detachment and mucosal loss.

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7
Q

Causes of SJS/TEN?

A

Drugs (most common), chemicals (burns), infections, systemic illnesses

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8
Q

Appearance of lesions in SJS/TEN?

A

Widespread blisters/bullae over erythematous/macular/haemorrhagic skin.

Can also have haemorrhagic erosions on mucus membranes.

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9
Q

How do lesions in SJS/TEN progress?

A

Blisters start on the face before spreading to other areas

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10
Q

Associated symptoms in SJS/TEN?

A

fever, arthralgia, myalgia, conjunctivitis, pneumonitis

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11
Q

Management of SJS/TEN?

A

supportive (hydration/maintain airway), identify and remove causative agent, dermatology and critical care input

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12
Q

What is impetigo?

A

Impetigo is a superficial bacterial infection affecting the skin, most commonly in young children.

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13
Q

Cause of impetigo?

A

Staphylococcal aureus or streptococcal skin infection

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14
Q

Appearance of skin lesions in impetigo?

A

erythematous macules (may progress to be vesicular/bullous) on face, neck or hands

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15
Q

Epidemiology of impetigo?

A

infants and young children

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16
Q

Management of impetigo?

A

Topical (fusidic acid, mupirocin) or systemic (flucloxacillin or clarithromycin)

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17
Q

What is Kawasaki disease?

A

An acute systemic vasculitis that affects young children.

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18
Q

Cause of Kawasaki disease?

A

autoimmune-mediated (medium-sized blood vessel vasculitis)

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19
Q

Symptoms seen in Kawasaki disease?

A
  • fever > 5 days
  • conjunctivitis
  • polymorphous exanthem
  • fissuring of lips
  • strawberry tongue
  • diffuse erythema of oral and pharyngeal mucosa
  • periungual desquamation of fingers and toes
  • erythema of palms and soles
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20
Q

Investigations in Kawasaki disease?

A
  • echocardiography (needs follow up 6 weeks later)
  • inflammatory markers (ESR and CRP)
  • alpha-1 antitrypsin
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21
Q

Management of Kawasaki disease?

A
  • high dose intravenous immunoglobulin
  • aspirin
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22
Q

What is Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome?

A

a blistering skin disease caused by the exfoliate staphylococcal toxin.

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23
Q

Cause of SSSS?

A

exfoliative staphylococcal toxin

24
Q

Appearance of SSSS?

A

blistering initially, then desquamation affecting flexural areas, buttocks, hands, or feet

25
Q

Epidemiology of SSSS?

A

typically occurs in children under three years old

26
Q

Associated symptoms in SSSS?

A
  • fever
  • irritability
  • diffuse blanching erythema around the mouth
  • desquamation as above
  • positive Nikolsky’s sign (the epidermal layer easily sloughs off when pressure is applied)
27
Q

Management of SSSS?

A

hospital admission, supportive care, analgesia and intravenous antibiotics (flucloxacillin is first-line)

28
Q

What is the first line Abx in SSSS?

A

IV flucloxacillin

29
Q

What is eczema herpeticum?

A

Eczema herpeticum is a complication of atopic eczema that occurs with infection of the herpes simplex virus (HSV).

30
Q

Cause of eczema herpeticum?

A

type I HSV co-infection with active atopic eczema

31
Q

Management of eczema herpeticum?

A
  • oral acyclovir
  • systemic antibiotics for secondary bacterial infection
32
Q

What is erythema nodosum?

A

Red or violet subcutaneous nodules located pretibially

33
Q

Causes of eythema nodosum?

A
  • streptococcal pharyngitis
  • idiopathic
  • sarcoidosis
  • primary tuberculosis
  • inflammatory bowel disease
  • drug reactions
34
Q

What is erythema multiforme?

A

Erythema multiforme (EM) is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction that presents with a skin rash.

35
Q

What is erythema multiforme typically triggered by?

A

It is typically triggered by an infection (most commonly herpes simplex virus), however, it can also develop secondary drug reactions.

36
Q

What age group does erythema multiforme typically affect?

A

20-40

37
Q

Causes of erythema multiforme?

A

HSV (90%), mycoplasma pneumonia, medications, autoimmune disease, sarcoidosis

38
Q

Appearance of lesions in erythema multiforme?

A

Target-like lesions on the skin. Progresses to erosions of bullae which can involve oral, genital or mucosal areas.

39
Q

Management of erythema multiforme?

A

Usually self-limiting, aciclovir is used to treat HSV infections

Oral antihistamines and corticosteroids can be used to reduce pruritus.

40
Q

What is measles?

A

Measles is an infectious disease caused by a morbillivirus of the paramyxovirus family.

41
Q

Appearance of measles rash?

A

maculopapular rash lasts 6-8 days

42
Q

Associated symptoms of measles?

A

fever, coryza, cough, non-purulent conjunctivitis, Koplik spots

43
Q

Epidemiology of measles?

A

young children with a seasonal peak in late winter/spring

44
Q

Prevention of measles?

A

MMR vaccine at 18 months

45
Q

Associated symptoms in glandular fever?

A

fever, fatigue, sore throat, lymphadenopathy

46
Q

Why should you not give penicillin to a patient with EBV?

A

A maculopapular rash can occur due to being treated with penicillin whilst infected with EBV

47
Q

What pathogen causes chickenpox?

A

VZV

48
Q

Appearance of skin lesions in chickenpox?

A

starts on head and trunk, then spreads throughout the body. Red macules -> papules -> pustule-> crusting

49
Q

What is scabies?

A

Scabies is a highly contagious skin infestation caused by a parasitic mite. It is spread by close contact and is more common among disadvantaged populations.

50
Q

Cause of scabies?

A

an infestation of the skin by mite Sarcoptes scabiei resulting in a pruritic eruption

51
Q

Appearance of lesions in scabies

A

mall, erythematous papule with haemorrhagic crusts on fingers, elbows, axillary folds, thighs, genitalia, feet

52
Q

management of scabies?

A

hygiene advice, topical permethrin, oral ivermectin

53
Q

What is tinea corporis?

A

Tinea corporis (also called ringworm) is a dermatophyte (fungal) infection of the body.

54
Q

Cause of tinea corporis?

A

Trichophyton tubrum, Microsporum canis, Epidermophyton

55
Q

Appearance of lesions in tinea corporis?

A

pruritic, circular, erythematous scaly patch spreading centrifugally. Central clearing is seen

56
Q

Management of tinea corporis?

A

daily application of topical antifungals

Systemic therapy indicated in patients with failed topical therapy (terbinafine, fluconazole or itraconazole).

57
Q

Cause of molluscum contagiosum?

A

Poxvirus

Yr 3 - Core Conditions (33 decks)

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