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Year 2 exam final revision > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

what genes are associated with psoriasis?

A

HLA-B13, HLA-B17, HLA Cw6

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2
Q

what immune cells are involved in the pathophysiology of psoriasis?

A

T cell activity stimulates keratinocyte proliferation, T helper cells prpducing IL-17 designated Th17

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3
Q

what are the environmental conditions that make psoriasis worse?

A

skin trauma, stress, triggered (e.g. streptococcal infection) or improved (e.g. sunlight) by environmental factors

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4
Q

what is the treatment of hirsutism?

A

weightless
cosmetic techniques
oral contraceptive pill - co-cyprindiol (dianette) or ethinylestradiol and drospirenone (Yasmin)
facial hirsutism - topical eflornithine - contraindicated in pregnancy and breast feeding

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5
Q

causes of hypertrichosis?

A

drugs: minoxidil, ciclosporin, diazoxide
congenital hypertrichosis lanuginosa, congenital hypertrichosis terminalis
porphyria cutanea tarda
anorexia nervosa

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6
Q

what is the commonest cause of hirsutism?

A

PCOS

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7
Q

how do you assess hirsutism?

A

Ferriman-Gallwey scoring system

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8
Q

which skin conditions appears in the last trimester of pregnancy?

A

polymorphic eruption of pregnancy

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9
Q

which skin condition is associated with the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy?

A

pemphigoid gestationis

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10
Q

which skin condition is associated with the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy?

A

pemphigoid gestationis

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11
Q

which skin type never tans, always burns (often red hair, freckles and blue eyes)?

A

Fitzpatrick skin type I

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12
Q

which skin type usually tans, always burns?

A

Fitzpatrick skin type II

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13
Q

which skin type always tans, sometimes burns (usually dark hair and brown eyes)?

A

Fitzpatrick skin type III

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14
Q

which skin type always tans and rarely burns (olive skin)?

A

Fitzpatrick skin type IV

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15
Q

which skin type sun burns and tanning after extreme UV exposure (brown skin, e.g. Indian)?

A

Fitzpatrick skin type V

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16
Q

Black skin (e.g. afro-carribbean) never tans, never burns?

A

Fitzpatrick skin type VI

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17
Q

common side effect for isotretinoin?

A

dry skin, eyes, lips/mouth

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18
Q

what should females be on while using isotretinoin?

A

females should ideally be using two forms of contraception (e.g. Combined oral contraceptive pill and condoms)

19
Q

features of lichen plants?

A

purple, pruritic, papular, polygonal rash on flexor surfaces. WIckham’s striae over surface
oral involvement common

20
Q

lichen sclerous features

A

itchy white spots typically seen on the vulva of elderly women

21
Q

what are the four main diagnostic criteria of Osler-WEber, Rendu syndrome?

A

epistaxis: spontaneous, recurrent nosebleeds
telangiectases: multiple at characteristic sites (lips, oral cavity, fingers, nose)
visceral lesions: for examples GI telangiectasia (with or without bleeding), pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVM), hepatic AVM, cerebral AVM, spinal AVM

family history: a first degree relative with HHT

22
Q

what are features of the rash that presents with meningococcal septicaemia

A

meningism, non-blanching rash

23
Q

what are the features of the rash associated with scarlet fever?

A

strawberry tongue, facial sparing

24
Q

what are the features of the rash associated with chicken pox?

A

itchy, starting on head before spreading, macular>vvesicular>papular

25
Q

what are the features of the rash associated with measles?

A

starting on face, spreading to body, koplik spots

26
Q

what is a strawberry nave?

A

infantile haemangiomas are soft raised vascular swellings on the skin surface - usually bright red in colour

27
Q

what is a salmon patch?

A

flat, dull red areas found on the face or neck

28
Q

what is a port wine stain?

A

vascular birthmark that tend to be unilateral
deeper or purple in color
do not resolve spontaneously and in fact darken and become raised over time

29
Q

what skin condition is associated with Parkinson’s disease?

A

seborrheic dermatitis

30
Q

what conditions should be considered if oral lesions can be wipes off?

A

candiasis and lichen plans

31
Q

what conditions should be considered if oral lesions cannot be wiped off?

A

leukoplakia

32
Q

what conditions are associated with vitiligo?

A 
type 1 diabetes mellitus
Addison's disease
autoimmune thyroid disorders
pernicious anaemia
alopecia areata
33
Q

what part of the skin does pemphigus affect?

A

antibodies target the desmosomes that connect the cells

they burst easily

34
Q

what conditions cause pyoderma gangrenosum?

A 
idiopathic in 50%
inflammatory bowel disease: ulcerative colitis, Crohn's
rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
myeloproliferative disorders
lymphoma, myeloid leukaemias
monoclonal gammopathy (IgA)
primary biliary cirrhosis
35
Q

what complication is most associated with psoralen plus PUVA therapy?

A

squamous cell cancer

36
Q

which type of melanoma invades aggressively and metastasizes early?

A

nodular melanoma

37
Q

what is the most common type of malignant melanoma?

A

superficial spreading

38
Q

what commonly precedes pityriasis Rose?

A

viral infection - recent respiratory tract infections

39
Q

what is a common locations for keloid scars?

A

sternum

40
Q

what is the most typical feature of a superficial spreading melanoma?

A

changing mole

41
Q

what factors exacerbate plaque psoriasis?

A

trauma
alcohol
drugs: beta blockers, lithium, antimalarials (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine), NSAIDs and ACE inhibitors, infliximab
withdrawal of systemic steroids

42
Q

what is the most common type of BCC?

A

nodular BBC

43
Q

what score is used to assess pressure ulcers?

A

Waterloo score - takes into factor BMI, nutritional status, skin type, mobility and continence

Year 2 exam final revision (10 decks)

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