Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neuro And Special Senses > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the hallmark of acute eczema?

A

Vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the symptoms of chronic eczema

A

Itchy
Poorly defined
Pink or red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is lichenification?

A

Thickening of the skin with increased skin markings due to persistent scratching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the cause of atopic eczema?

A

Defective protein filaggrin

Therefore corneocytes are deformed and natural moisturising factors reduced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which immune cells predominate in atopic eczema?

A

Th 2 lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What percentage of children clear eczema by puberty?

A

90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the treatment of eczema

A 
Emollients frequently 
Soap substitute - avoid fragranced products 
Topical steroids 
Immunomodulators for steroid sparing 
Sedating antihistamine to help sleep
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why do ointments work better than creams?

A

The grease in ointment forms an occlusive barrier preventing evaporation of water and delivers the steroid more effectively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give examples of topical immunomodulators

A

Tacrolimus ointment - Protopic

Pimecrolimus cream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name the types of eczema

A

Atopic
Discoid
Allergic contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Give some drugs that will dry up exudate

A

Potassium permanganate

Aluminium acetate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dermatitis herpetiformis is associated with which condition?

A

Gluten enteropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What findings are characteristic of scabies?

A

Itching worse at night
Other people itching too
Excoriated papules on trunk and limbs
Burrows found in between fingers or toes etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the treatment for scabies?

A

5% permethrin cream
For patient and all their contacts
Wash all clothes and bedding on high after using cream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is bullous pemphigoid?

A

An autoimmune condition that begins as a non-specific itchy rash and then weeks to months later bullae appear on the skin. Often localised to one part of the body for a while then spreads.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you treat bullous pemphigoid?

A

Potent topical steroid or oral dependent on extent of disease
Long term prednisolone often required
Steroid sparing agent eg. Azathioprine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which microbe causes molluscum contagiosum?

A

Pox virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe the lesions of molluscum contagiosum

A

Small 1-5mm white or pink umbilicated papules

Found anywhere on the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the management of vitiligo?

A

Avoid the sun and use protection
Systemic steroids can prevent rapid spread
Cosmetics/fake tan
Repigmentation can be attempted with topical steroid or tacrolimus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 4 patterns of melanoma?

A

Lentigo maligna
Superficial spreading
Nodular
Acral lentiginous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe lentigo maligna melanoma

A

Large 1-3cm brown patch on sun exposed skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe superficial spreading melanoma

A

Flat and brown, enlarging diameter
Variation in pigment
Eventually start growing downwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe nodular melanoma

A

No radial growth

Grows only vertically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe acral lentiginous melanoma

A

Melanoma that occurs on the palms, soles or under the nails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Name the A-E used for pigmented lesions
``` Asymmetry Border Colour Diameter Evolution ```
26
What are the risk factors for melanoma?
``` Fair hair/red hair Burn in the sun - type 1 skin Badly sunburnt more than once Large number of moles >50 Past or family hx melanoma Atypical mole syndromes Giant congenital melanocytic naevus Use of tanning beds ```
27
What factors affect prognosis in melanoma?
Breslow’s thickness Ulceration Involvement of regional lymph nodes Metastasis
28
What is Breslow’s thickness?
The depth in mm from the top of the granular layer to the deepest point of invasion
29
What is Kaposi’s sarcoma?
Malignant growth of blood vessels caused by human herpes virus 8
30
Describe the lesions in Kaposi’s sarcoma
Begin as small red/purple/brown macules or papules that grow into nodules and plaques
31
What is a cherry angioma?
Small 1-4mm bright red or purple papule on the trunk or proximal limbs Benign
32
What are common warts?
Infection of the epidermis with one of the many human papilloma viruses
33
Describe seborrhoeic keratosis
Flat but warty surface Stuck on appearance Black or white Gradually become more prominent and deepen in colour
34
What is a cutaneous horn?
A keratotic outgrowth from the skin. At its base will be solar keratosis, Bowen’s disease or SCC
35
Describe solar keratosis
Rough, scaly papules on chronically sun exposed skin
36
What are the 3 main types of BCC?
Nodular Superficial Infiltrating
37
Describe a nodular BCC
Small, pearly papule with obvious telangiectasia Gradually increase in size and may form rolled edge Centre may ulcerated and form a crust
38
Describe a superficial BCC
Growth is along the base of the epidermis Presents as scaly plaque Can become quite large
39
Describe an infiltrating BCC
Fine strands of tumour cell infiltrate the dermis | Can look like a scar on presentation
40
What factors influence prognosis of SCC?
``` Size of lesion Depth Poor differentiation Immunsuppression Perineural invasion Recurrent ```
41
Describe acanthosis nigricans
Skin or flexures in dry and thickness, dark brown and has a papillomatous velvety surface
42
Which malignancies are associated with acanthosis nigricans?
Lung Stomach Ovary
43
Cellulitis tends to be caused by what bacteria?
Group A, C or G beta haemolytic strep
44
Necrotising fasciitis is usually caused by which bacteria?
Group A beta haemolytic strep
45
How do you treat venous ulcers?
Clean and debride Apply emollient and dressing Compression bandaging
46
What are the commonest sites of venous ulcers?
Lower third of legs over medial or lateral malleolus
47
What are the features of venous ulcer?
Large Superficial Painless
48
What are the features of arterial ulcers?
Painful Punched out Deep
49
Where do arterial ulcers occur?
Tips of toes, dorsum of foot, heel and front of shin
50
How do you treat an arterial ulcer?
Refer to vascular surgeon Debride and cover with dressing Analgesia Do not give tight bandages
51
What are the features of a neuropathic ulcer?
Deep Painless Often covered with thick callous
52
What is the treatment for neuropathic ulcers?
Remove callous to see extent Take swabs and treat any infection Bed rest/below knee cast to take pressure off
53
Describe pyoderma gangrenosum
Rapidly growing ulcer with an overhanging edge and a yellow honeycomb base
54
Which conditions are associated with pyoderma gangrenosum?
UC Crohn’s RA Myeloma
55
Which bacteria cause impetigo?
Staph aureus | Group A beta haemolytic strep
56
How does impetigo look?
Starts as vesicles | Rapidly break down into honey coloured crust
57
What is the management of impetigo?
Avoid sharing towels etc Topical Abx eg. Fucidin Use arachis or olive oil to soften and remove crust If caused by Group A strep then need PO penicillin V because of glomrulonephritis risk
58
What is eczema herpeticum?
Atopic eczema with a secondary herpes simplex infection
59
What is the hallmark of acne?
Comedones
60
What colour are open and closed comedones?
Open - black | Closed - white
61
What is the management of acne?
``` Topical retinoids to unplug follicles Duac (benzoyl peroxide and Clindamycin) for inflammatory lesions Topical abx eg. Erythromycin Systemic abx eg. Lymecycline Anti-androgens in females Oral isotretinoin ```
62
Describe rosacea
Rash that looks like acne on a red background Tends to be older patients No comedones present
63
Give some complications of rosacea
``` Blepharitis Conjunctivitis Keratitis Chronic lymphoedema of the face Rhinophyma ```
64
What is the treatment of rosacea?
Antibiotics eg. Lymecycline | Topical metronidazole cream
65
Which virus causes shingles?
Varicella zoster
66
At what age does psoriasis commonly begin?
15-25 year olds
67
Describe psoriasis lesions
Erythematous, clearly defined borders Silvery scale Symmetrical
68
What are the treatment options of psoriasis?
``` Emollients Vitamin D3 analogues Topical steroids Topical retinoids Coal tar Phototherapy Methotrexate Biologics ```

Neuro And Special Senses (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions