Dermatology Flashcards
Pruritus
itching
Urticaria
Hives
Blanchable (B)
“white” color with pressure: release pressure and returns color/blood
Erythmea
B, dilated blood vessels
Petechiae
NB (non-blanchable), submucosal hemorrhages
Purpura
NB, > 1 cm, “hemorrhages”
Ecchymosis
NB, > 1 cm, “bruises”
function of integumentary system
- thermoregulation, stores water, fat, and vitamin D
- vital and the largest organ
Skin Turgor
- skin with decreased turgor remains elevated after being pulled up and released
- if recoil < 3 seconds = dehydration
Primary skin lesion
represent the early stage of lesion, how they look prior to evolving
Secondary skin lesion
represent a later stage after the lesion has evolved or been altered –> getting worse
Describing a skin lesion
- SPECL SCAB
- S: size
- P: pattern
- E: elevation
- C: color
- L: location
- S: shape
- C: consistency
- A: and
- B: borders
Insect bite care
- wash with soap and water
- NSAIDS, diphenhydramine, hydrocortisone 1%, calamine
Tick bite
bulls-eye rash
starts with fever -> refer
Insect bite care
always refer
- pts may develop anaphylactic rxn
Dermatitis
See dermatitis cards
cellulitis
common skin infection when bacteria spreads through deeper tissues
- no OTC
Impetigo
most common bacteria: strep, staph
needs abx
- appears on ONE side of face, usually near mouth or nose
Folliculitis
bacterial infection localized to the hair follicle
- often seen in athletes, teenagers
furuncle
bacterial infection of the pilosebaceous unit and involves sebacious gland
- refer
carbuncle
multiple furuncles –> refer
warts
- caused by virus
- OTC: use compound with salicylic acid
- multiple warts or on eyelid -> refer
Herpes
- causes cold sores
- see antiviral notes
canker sores
see oral care flash cards
shingles
refer
seborrheic keratosis
- wart-like growth
- appears on face (rare), chest, shoulders, or back
- painless
- refer
ingrown nail
refer complicated pts:
- pt with diminished circulation
- pt with DM
Pruritus - itching
people are more susceptible with: allergies, DM, HIV/AIDS, kidney disease, elderly
- find root cause
- rule out liver or kidney failure
- common in dialysis pts
Pruritus care
bath in lukewarm water
gentle cleanser
moisturize
Urticaria
Hives
- lots of abx cause hives
- angioedema - rash on one side of face
- refer immediately: dizziness, chest tightness, tongue/throat swelling
chronic ulcer
- pts with DM, circulatory problems, RA, immunosuppressed
- REFER
Psoriasis
- autoimmune disorder
- REFER
1st degree burn tx
- NSAIDs, aloe vera, calamine, abx ointments
- refer if burn severe
- NO hydrocortisone cream
- apply sunscreen every 1-2 hours
SJS
- initial flu-like sx, followed by painful red or purple rash that spreads
- medical emergency –> stop offending agent and refer
- skin is dying
Melanoma ABCD’s
- A: asymmetry
- B: borders
- C: color
- D: diamter (>6mm)
- E: evolving
