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Pharmacology > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

2 palm areas (2%) at 2 times a day requires ______ gm for 1 month

A

30

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2
Q

Two FTUs for corticosteroid are about the same as ___of topical steroid

A

2 FTU = 1g topical steroid

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3
Q

How many FTUs will cover a hand and fingers?

A

1 FTU

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4
Q

How many FTUs will cover face and neck?

A

2.5 FTUs

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5
Q

Class 1 steroid

A
  • super high potency
  • severe dermatoses
  • scalp, palms, soles, thick plaques on extensor surfaces
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6
Q

Classes II-IV steroid

A
  • medium to high potency

- can use on flexural surfaces for limited periods

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7
Q

Classes VI, VII

A
  • Low potency
  • large areas
  • thinner skin (ex. face, eyelid, genitals)
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8
Q

Duration for super high potency

A

<3 weeks

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9
Q

Duration for medium to high potency

A

<6-8 weeks

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10
Q

Duration for low potency

A

Face and genitals: 1-2 weeks to avoid skin atrophy, telangiectasia, and acne

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11
Q

Examples of Class I super high potency

A
  1. Betamethasone 0.05% ointment

2. Clobetasol 0.05% cream or ointment

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12
Q

Examples of Class II high potency

A
  1. Betamethasone 0.05% cream

2. Fluocinonide 0.05% cream, gel, ointment, or solution

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13
Q

Examples of Class III medium potency

A
  1. Betamethasone 0.05% cream or lotion
  2. Betamethasone valerate 0.1% ointment
  3. Triamcinolone 0.1% ointment
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14
Q

Examples of Class IV

A
  1. Fluocinolone acetonide 0.025% ointment

2. Triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% cream or ointment

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15
Q

Examples of Class V

A
  1. Fluocinolone acetonide 0.025% cream
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16
Q

Example of Class VI

A

Triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% cream

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17
Q

Example of Class VII

A

Hydrocortisone 1% (or 2.5%) cream, lotion, or ointment

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18
Q

Systemic effects of topical glucocorticoid

A
  • Cushing’s
  • Pseudotumor cerebri
  • Growth retardation
  • Sodium retention and edema
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19
Q

Ocular effects of glucocorticoid

A
  • cataract
  • glaucoma
  • retarded healing or corneal abrasion
  • extension of herpetic infection
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20
Q

Bacitracin active against

A

gram-positive (strept, staph, pneumococci)

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21
Q

Of bacitracin, neomycin, and polymyxin B - which is most likely to give contact dermatitis?

A

neomycin

up to 30%

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22
Q

Mupirocin active against

A

gram-positive (MRSA)

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23
Q

Mupirocin ADE

A

stinging, burning, pruritis, headache

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24
Q

Polymyxin B active against

A

gram-negative

all gram positives are resistant

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25
Q

Neomycin active against

A
  • aerobic gram-positive

- Gram-negative

26
Q

4 factors of acne vulgaris

A
  1. Androgens influence increase in sebum production
  2. Hyperkeratosis (keratin and sebum plug hair follicle)
  3. P. acnes bacteria
  4. Inflammation
27
Q

Comedone: tx

A

topical tretinoin

28
Q

Mild inflammatory acne: tx

A

Topical tretinoin or benzoyl peroxide (and or topical clindamycin)

29
Q

Moderate acne: tx

A

Topical tretinoin or benzoyl peroxide (+/- clindamycin)

-consider oral antibiotic and derm referral

30
Q

Severe acne: tx

A

topicals AND oral antibiotic (doxycycline or minocycline)

(consider oral isotretinoin, derm referral and hormonal therapy for females

31
Q

Cystic acne: tx

A

intralesional triamcinolone

32
Q

Rosacea: Tx

A
  1. Sunscreen
  2. Topicals:
    - Clindamycin 1% cream
    - metronidazole
    - sodium sulfacetamide
  3. Doxycycline, minocycline
  4. Isotretinoin (Accutane) - stage III rosacea
33
Q

Metronidazole: don’t use when?

A

pregnancy and nursing

34
Q

What do patients taking sodium sulfacetamide need to be warned of?

A

photosensitivity

35
Q

Retinoic acid (vitamin A)

A

Ex. tretinoin (retin A), adapalene (Differin), tazarotene (Tazorac)

36
Q

Retinoic acids: ADE

A

photosensitivity

37
Q

Which topical retinoid is category X in pregnancy

A

Tazarotene

38
Q

Which medication can cause slate gray hyperpigmentation of skin?

A

Minocycline

also dizziness

39
Q

Isotretinoin and pregnancy

A
  • MUST be on 2 forms of contraception

- MUST have negative serum pregnancy test within 2 weeks before therapy

40
Q

What labs are important to get for isoretinoin (besides pregnancy)?

A

LFTs, fasting lipid profile

-Hypertriglyceridemia

41
Q

What does nystatin cover?

A

Candida only!

42
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis: Tx

A

ketoconazole

43
Q

Tacrolimus (Protopic) and Pimecrolimus (Elidel) use

A

atopic dermatitis
vitiligo
alopecia areata

44
Q

Tacrolimus and pimecrolimus (calcineurin inhibitors) box warning

A

rare cases of malignancy

contraindication for kids under2

45
Q

Most common ADE for Sklice (ivermectin topical)

A

conjunctivitis, ocular hyperemia, eye irritation

46
Q

Lindane: ADE

A
  • concentrated in fatty tissues including the brain

- Can lead to seizures***

47
Q

What is the treatment for scabies or lice for pregnant women or infants (<6 months)

A

Sulfur precipitated in petrolatum

48
Q

Monobenzone: effect

A

irreversible depigmentation**

(may cause hypopigmentation at sites distant to area of application

49
Q

Drugs that reduce hyperpigmentation of the skin

A
  • Hydroquinone
  • Mequinol
  • MBEH
50
Q

Drugs for repigmentation in vitiligo are activated by what

A

UVA light

51
Q

Drugs for repigmentation of depigmented macules of vitiligo

A
  • Psoralens
  • Trioxsalen
  • Methoxypsoralen
52
Q

Since SPF really only measures UVB protection, what 3 chemicals might you look for?

A
  1. Parsol 1789
  2. Avobenzone
  3. Mexoryl (Antheliose)
53
Q

Major use of podophyllum resin

A

codyloma acuminatum (warts)

54
Q

Podophyllum: contraindication

A

pregnancy

55
Q

What is the best medication to use for actinic keratoses?

A

Fluorouracil

Healing lasts for 1-2 months after treatment

56
Q

Imiquimod: uses

A
  • warts (condylomate)
  • actinic keratoses
  • basal cell
  • squamous cell carcinoma
  • lentigo maligna melanoma
57
Q

Bimatoprost (latisse) is a prostaglandin analogue that causes what adverse effect?

A

permanent brown pigmentation of the iris

58
Q

Finasteride (Propecia): MOA

A

blocks production of dihydrotestosterone

  • oral
  • not for use in women of child bearing age
59
Q

Eflornithine: effect

A

-affects the rate of hair growth

but, will come back 8 weeks after stopping

60
Q

Dovonex (calcipotriene)

A

Vitamin D3 analog

61
Q

Acitretin (Soriatane)

A
  • Psoriasis
  • systemic drug (inhibits IL-6)
  • Pregnant women can’t use this, can get pregnant for 3 years after stopping treatment!**
  • MUST avoid ethanol
  • Can’t donate blood during treatment and for 3 years after medication is stopped
62
Q

Methotrexate

A 
-Folate antagonist
contraindications:
-Pregnancy
-Nursing
-Males not advised to father children for at least 3 months after stopping

Pharmacology (16 decks)

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