Dermatology

Question 1

Within the popliteal fossa, the popliteal artery bifurcates to give which two branches?

Answer 1

Anterior tibial artery

Posterior tibial artery

Question 2

The dorsals pedis artery is a continuation of which artery?

Answer 2

Anterior tibial artery

Question 3

The medial and lateral plantar arteries of the foot are bifurcations of which artery?

Answer 3

Posterior tibial

Question 4

The subclavian artery passes under which bone?

Answer 4

Clavicle

Question 5

Within the cubital fossa the brachial artery bifurcates to give which 3 branches?

Answer 5

Radial artery

Ulnar artery

Question 6

Why does untreated occlusion of an en artery result in infarction?

Answer 6

End arteries (e.g digital arteries) are the only blood supply to a given area of the body - there are no collaterals which means no alternative blood supply

Question 7

Describe the location of the brachial artery pulse

Answer 7

Medial to the biceps tendon in the cubital fossa

Question 8

Where does the common carotid artery bifurcate in the neck?

Answer 8

Anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle at the level of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage

Question 9

Describe the location of the radial artery pulse

Answer 9

Lateral to the tendon of flexor carpi radialis

Question 10

Describe the location of the femoral artery pulse

Answer 10

Inferior ro the midpoint of the inguinal ligament

Question 11

Describe the location of the popliteal artery pulse

Answer 11

In the popliteal fossa immediately posterior to the knee joint

Question 12

Describe the location of the posterior tibial artery pulse

Answer 12

Between the posterior border of the medial malleolus and the achilles tendon

Question 13

Describe the location of the dorsalis pedis artery pulse

Answer 13

Medial to the tendon of extensor hallucis longus

Question 14

List some causes of ischaemia

Answer 14

Left ventricular failure (reduced arterial perfusion)

Right sided cardiac failure
(increased venous drainage pressure causes back pressure)

Aneurysm
Atherosclerosis
Tumours
Compartment syndrome

Question 15

Name the different deep fascia of the upper limb

Answer 15

Pectoral fascia
Deltoid fascia
Brachial fascia
Antebrachial fascia

Question 16

Name the different deep fascia of the lower limb

Answer 16

Fascia lata
Iliotibial tract
Crural fascia

Question 17

What is compartment syndrome?

Answer 17

When a vessel bleeds within one fascia compartment and causes compression of other structures

*requires urgent fasciotomy

Question 18

Describe the location of the cephalic vein

Answer 18

Runs in the deltopectoral groove
Lateral aspect of the limb
Drains into the axillary vein

Question 19

The cephalic vein becomes the subclavian vein at what level?

Answer 19

Lateral border of rib 1

Question 20

Describe the location of the basilic vein?

Answer 20

Medial aspect of the limb

Drains into the brachial vein

Question 21

Describe the course of the great saphenous vein

Answer 21

Arises from the dorsal venous arch
Medial aspect of the limb
Drains into the femoral vein

Question 22

Describe the course of the small saphenous vein

Answer 22

Arises from the dorsal venous arch
Runs along the posterior midline of the leg
Drains into the popliteal vein posterior to the knee

Question 23

Which are the only two veins in the body which are not bilateral?

Answer 23

SVC

IVC

Question 24

What is the most common site of venous ulceration?

Answer 24

Gaiter area

medial aspect of the distal leg

Question 25

With regards to DVT and PE, a thrombus would cause what kind of infarction if it occludes a small peripheral artery?

Answer 25

Small wedge infarction

Question 26

With regards to DVT and PE, a thrombus would cause what kind of infarction if it occludes a segmental artery?

Answer 26

Bronchopulmonary segment infarction

Question 27

With regards to DVT and PE, a thrombus would cause what kind of infarction if it occludes a lobar artery?

Answer 27

Lobe infarction

Question 28

With regards to DVT and PE, a thrombus would cause what kind of infarction if it occludes a pulmonary artery?

Answer 28

Infarction of one lung

Question 29

With regards to DVT and PE, a thrombus would cause what kind of infarction if it occludes the pulmonary trunk?

Answer 29

Complete occlusion by a saddle embolus arrests the circulation

Question 30

Superficial lymphatics generally follow veins. Describe the drainage of lymphatics following the basilic vein.

Answer 30

Cubital lymph nodes then lateral axillary lymph nodes

Question 31

Superficial lymphatics generally follow veins. Describe the drainage of lymphatics following the cephalic vein.

Answer 31

Apical axillary lymph nodes

Question 32

Where do deep lymphatics of the upper limb drain to’?

Answer 32

Lateral axillary lymph nodes

Question 33

Axillary lymph nodes all drain where?

Answer 33

Int the subclavian lymphatics

Question 34

Superficial lymphatics generally follow veins. Describe the drainage of lymphatics following the great saphenous vein.

Answer 34

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes, then external iliac nodes or deep inguinal nodes

Question 35

Superficial lymphatics generally follow veins. Describe the drainage of lymphatics following the small saphenous vein.

Answer 35

Popliteal nodes, then deep inguinal nodes then external iliac nodes.

Question 36

Describe the drainage of the deep lymphatics of the lower limb.

Answer 36

Drain into popliteal lymph nodes then deep inguinal nodes then external iliac nodes

Question 37

Where do external iliac lymph nodes drain to?

Answer 37

Iliac nodes and then enter the lumbar lymphatics

Question 38

What is the standard method of removal of a small skin lesion?

Answer 38

Elliptical incision