Dermatology Flashcards
Within the popliteal fossa, the popliteal artery bifurcates to give which two branches?
Anterior tibial artery
Posterior tibial artery
The dorsals pedis artery is a continuation of which artery?
Anterior tibial artery
The medial and lateral plantar arteries of the foot are bifurcations of which artery?
Posterior tibial
The subclavian artery passes under which bone?
Clavicle
Within the cubital fossa the brachial artery bifurcates to give which 3 branches?
Radial artery
Ulnar artery
Why does untreated occlusion of an en artery result in infarction?
End arteries (e.g digital arteries) are the only blood supply to a given area of the body - there are no collaterals which means no alternative blood supply
Describe the location of the brachial artery pulse
Medial to the biceps tendon in the cubital fossa
Where does the common carotid artery bifurcate in the neck?
Anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle at the level of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage
Describe the location of the radial artery pulse
Lateral to the tendon of flexor carpi radialis
Describe the location of the femoral artery pulse
Inferior ro the midpoint of the inguinal ligament
Describe the location of the popliteal artery pulse
In the popliteal fossa immediately posterior to the knee joint
Describe the location of the posterior tibial artery pulse
Between the posterior border of the medial malleolus and the achilles tendon
Describe the location of the dorsalis pedis artery pulse
Medial to the tendon of extensor hallucis longus
List some causes of ischaemia
Left ventricular failure (reduced arterial perfusion)
Right sided cardiac failure
(increased venous drainage pressure causes back pressure)
Aneurysm
Atherosclerosis
Tumours
Compartment syndrome
Name the different deep fascia of the upper limb
Pectoral fascia
Deltoid fascia
Brachial fascia
Antebrachial fascia
Name the different deep fascia of the lower limb
Fascia lata
Iliotibial tract
Crural fascia
What is compartment syndrome?
When a vessel bleeds within one fascia compartment and causes compression of other structures
*requires urgent fasciotomy
Describe the location of the cephalic vein
Runs in the deltopectoral groove
Lateral aspect of the limb
Drains into the axillary vein
The cephalic vein becomes the subclavian vein at what level?
Lateral border of rib 1
Describe the location of the basilic vein?
Medial aspect of the limb
Drains into the brachial vein
Describe the course of the great saphenous vein
Arises from the dorsal venous arch
Medial aspect of the limb
Drains into the femoral vein
Describe the course of the small saphenous vein
Arises from the dorsal venous arch
Runs along the posterior midline of the leg
Drains into the popliteal vein posterior to the knee
Which are the only two veins in the body which are not bilateral?
SVC
IVC
What is the most common site of venous ulceration?
Gaiter area
medial aspect of the distal leg
With regards to DVT and PE, a thrombus would cause what kind of infarction if it occludes a small peripheral artery?
Small wedge infarction
With regards to DVT and PE, a thrombus would cause what kind of infarction if it occludes a segmental artery?
Bronchopulmonary segment infarction
With regards to DVT and PE, a thrombus would cause what kind of infarction if it occludes a lobar artery?
Lobe infarction
With regards to DVT and PE, a thrombus would cause what kind of infarction if it occludes a pulmonary artery?
Infarction of one lung
With regards to DVT and PE, a thrombus would cause what kind of infarction if it occludes the pulmonary trunk?
Complete occlusion by a saddle embolus arrests the circulation
Superficial lymphatics generally follow veins. Describe the drainage of lymphatics following the basilic vein.
Cubital lymph nodes then lateral axillary lymph nodes
Superficial lymphatics generally follow veins. Describe the drainage of lymphatics following the cephalic vein.
Apical axillary lymph nodes
Where do deep lymphatics of the upper limb drain to’?
Lateral axillary lymph nodes
Axillary lymph nodes all drain where?
Int the subclavian lymphatics
Superficial lymphatics generally follow veins. Describe the drainage of lymphatics following the great saphenous vein.
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes, then external iliac nodes or deep inguinal nodes
Superficial lymphatics generally follow veins. Describe the drainage of lymphatics following the small saphenous vein.
Popliteal nodes, then deep inguinal nodes then external iliac nodes.
Describe the drainage of the deep lymphatics of the lower limb.
Drain into popliteal lymph nodes then deep inguinal nodes then external iliac nodes
Where do external iliac lymph nodes drain to?
Iliac nodes and then enter the lumbar lymphatics
What is the standard method of removal of a small skin lesion?
Elliptical incision
