Dermatology Flashcards
What are the four types of cell present in the epidermis?
Keratinocytes
Langerhans Cells
Melanocytes
Merkel Cells
What are the functions of skin?
Sensation Temperature regulation Vitamin D synthesis Immunosurveillence Protective barrier Fluid/electrolyte balance (sweating) Structural (body shape) Waterproofing UV barrier
Name three inflammatory conditions of the skin?
Eczema, Acne, Psoriasis
Name three cancers of the skin?
Squamous cell Carcinoma, Basal Cell Carcinoma, Malignant Melanoma
How does eczema present?
Papules and Vesicles on an erythematous base - itchy and reacts to stimuli
What history would support atopic eczema?
Skin crease involvement History of asthma or hay fever (atopic Triangle) Dry Skin onset in childhood Family History
What is Filaggrin?
A Skin barrier protein which, if damaged increases the risk of eczema - genetic predisposition if faulty gene
How is eczema treated?
Keep nails short in children
Avoid Triggers
Topical Therapies such as emollients or steroids for flare ups
Oral Therapies - antihistamines, flucloxacillin, oral steroids if severe)
What becomes inflammed in acne vulgaris?
Pilosebaceous Follicles
What is the pathophysiology of acne vulgaris?
Increased sebum production (hormonal in adolescents)
abnormal Follicular Keratinization
Pilosebaceous duct obstruction
Bacterial Colonisation with Proprionibacterium acne
Inflammation
How is acne managed?
Mild - topical therapies such as benzylperoxide and topical antibiotics and retinoids
Moderate - oral therapies such as COCP or cypoproterone acetate
Severe - Oral Retinoids