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[3] Step 1 USMLE > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

[Merocrine Exocrine gland] MOA

A

Secretes via Exocytosis

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2
Q

[Apocrine Exocrine gland] MOA

A

Secretes via Membrane-bound vesicles = Cell lysis releases entire contents of cytoplasm & cell membrane

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3
Q

[Merocrine Exocrine gland] Examples (3)

A
  1. Salivary
  2. Eccrine Sweat
  3. Apocrine Sweat
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4
Q

[Apocrine Exocrine gland] Examples

A

Mammary glands

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5
Q

[Holocrine Exocrine gland] Examples (2)

A
  1. Sebaceous
  2. Meibomian
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6
Q

What germ layer are Melanocytes derived from

A

Neural Crest

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7
Q

What are Langerhan cells

A

[Stellate shaped Dendritic cells] found in skin and acting as APC

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8
Q

Langerhan cells Histo

A

Stellate shaped with [Racquet shaped intracytoplasmic granules] known as Birbeck granules

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9
Q

What cell line are Langerhan cells derived from

A

Myeloid Cell line

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10
Q

Name the Psoriasis drugs that are Topical Vitamin D analogs and why they help (3)

A

Calcipotriene / Calcitriol / Tacalcitol

These bind to intranuclear Vitamin D R –> Inhibits Keritinocyte proliferation & differentiation

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11
Q

Cyclosporine MOA

A

Inhibits NFAT (Nuclear Factor of activated T cells) from entering nucleus –> Impairs IL2 production –> Impairs T-cell activation

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12
Q

Etanercept MOA

A

[TNF-a decoy receptor] that binds up TNFa

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13
Q

Identify and describe the histology

A

[Contact Dermatitis Type 4 Hypersensitivity]; [Spongiosis (edema in the intercellular spaes of epidermis)

CD = Weeping, Erythematous, papulovesicular

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14
Q

Describe the Histology for Lichen Planus

A

Hypergranulosis (thickening of Stratum Granulosum)

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15
Q

[Chediak Higashi] MOD and Presentation (3)

A

Defective Neutrophil Phagolysosome formation –> Neuro problems/ Albinism / Immunodeficiency

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16
Q

[Eczema Atopic Dermatitis] MOD and its associations (2)

A

Type 1 Hypersensitivity –> inflammatory skin DO triggered by environmental AND food antigens

associated with [allergic rhinitis] and asthma

17
Q

Describe Compound Nevi

A

Benign [Melanocyte proliferations] involving BOTH Epidermis AND Dermis –> raised papules with symmetrical borders

18
Q

Describe the MOD and long term SE of Chronic topical Steroid administration (3)

A

[Dermis Atrophy] –> Drying, Telangiectasia, Ecchymoses

19
Q

Dimpling (Retraction) of overlying skin in a women with Breast CA indicates what pathology

A

Malignant infiltration of Suspensory Ligaments

20
Q

What does the Microscopy (2) and Skin Biopsy show for Herpes Family infections?

A

Microscopy = Tzanck Smear = [Cowdry Intranuclear inclusions] + [Multinucleated Giant Cells]

Skin Biopsy = Acantholysis (Desmosome-connected Stratum Spinosum separation)

21
Q

This microscopy taken from upper eyelid indicates what?

A

Xanthelasma (Lipid Laden Macrophages–> Foam cells) seen in Hyperlipidemia

  • Think biliary obstruction/cirrohosis*
  • Other [SubQ Xanthomas] can appear on Tendons & finger extensor tendons*
22
Q

Identify; MOD; Histology (2)

A

Cherry Hemangioma;

small red papules that INC with aging & don’t regress;

Capillary proliferation + [capillary venules in papillary dermis]

23
Q

Identify Dz; List the main characteristics (9)

A

Psoriasis

PSORIASIS: Plaque/Silver scales/Onycholysis/[Rigid border=Well Demarcated]/[Inappropriate Nail Discoloration]/[Auspich sign]/[Scales tht are WAFTER like]/[Dilated blood vessel]/[Skinny Suprapapillary plates (thin stratum granulosum + parakeratotic corneum)]

24
Q

Vitiligo MOD

A

Autoimmune destruction of some [Stratum Basale Melanocytes] –> absence of melanocytes in some areas

25
Q

Photoaging (looking older) MOD (3)

A

UVA makes you Age by —>

  1. [epidermal atrophy + flattened rete ridges]
  2. DEC Collagen Fibrils
  3. INC degradation of [Dermal Collagen & Elastin]
26
Q

Urticaria is a Type __ Hypersensitivity. Describe the Histo

A

[Type 1 Hypersensitivity (IgE mediated)]; [Epidermal and Dermal Edema from INC microvasculature permeability]

27
Q

Best Prognostic factor for Metastatic Melanoma

A

[Vertical Growth Depth Breslow]

Early Horizontal growth = low metastatic potential–> Nodular –> Vertical

28
Q

Glomangioma MOD

A

PAINFUL bluish tumor under the finger nail that comes from [Dermal Glomus smooth m.] which regulate temperature

29
Q

Describe histology for Actinic Keratosis (3) and which CA this may lead to

A
  1. Hyperkeratosis
  2. Parakeratosis
  3. Keratinocyte atypia

may —> SQUAMOUS cell carcinoma

sandpaper-like texture

30
Q

Dz

A

Bullous Pemphigoid

Supepidermal blisters

31
Q

Identify the lesions and what their caused by

A

Solar Lentigo; sun exposed skin in mid-elderly

32
Q

Difference between Zero and 1st order kinetics

A

zero order = Amount of drug metabolized in a unit of time doesn’t care about serum concentration and is constant

1st order = Amount of drug metabolized in a unit of time CHANGES with serum concentration

33
Q

In Healthcare financing, what is Capitation?

A

Medical group provides care to all employees in exchange for a set montly fee

34
Q

Phenotypic mixing

A

Coinfection of host cell by 2 viral strains –> Virions with 1 strain and unchanged parental genome of other. Lack of actual genetic exchange –> next generation revert to unchanged parental genome

[3] Step 1 USMLE (8 decks)

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