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Dermatology (389-430) Flashcards

1
Q

flat discoloration

A

macule

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2
Q

elevated skin lesion

A

papule

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3
Q

elevated skin lesion >1cm

A

plaque

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4
Q

small fluid containing lesion

A

vesicle

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5
Q

pruritic erythematous area that can enlarge to form urticaria

A

Wheal

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6
Q

Large fluid filled lesion >0.5cm in diameter

A

Bulla

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7
Q

accentuated skin markings as thick as epidermis as a result of scratching

A

lichenification

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8
Q

irregular raised lesion from scar tissue hypertrophy

A

keloid

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9
Q

flat pinhead NON BLANCHING red-purple lesion caused by hemmorhage into skin

A

petechiae

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10
Q

larger than petechiae

A

purpura

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11
Q

closed epithelium lined cavity or sac continaing liquid or semi solid material

A

cyst

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12
Q

increased thickness of the stratum corneum seen in chronic dermatitis

A

hyperkeratosis

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13
Q

hyperkeratosis with retention of the nuclei in stratum corneum on histopathology and thinning of stratum granulosum (seen in psoriasis)

A

parakeratosis

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14
Q

loss of cohesion between the epidermal cells (seen in pemphigus vulgaris)

A

acantholysis

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15
Q

intercellular edema causing strethcing and loss of desmosomal attachment allowing formation of blisters (seen in acute and subacute dermatitis)

A

spongiosis

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16
Q

Herald patch

A

pityriasis rosea

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17
Q

What bacterium is often the cause of acne (inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit)

A

Propionibacterium acnes

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18
Q

open comedones

A

blackheads

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19
Q

closed comedones

A

whiteheads

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20
Q

Tx for acne

A

Retin-A, benxoyl peroxide. If acne is scarring, consider accutane or in females spironolactone

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21
Q

superficial skin infection causing honey crusted lesions esp in children around nose and mouth

A

Impetigo caused by strep pyogenes or staph aureus

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22
Q

Hot tub folliculitis organism

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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23
Q

What are the classic signs of inflammation?

A

rubor (red)
calor (hot)
dolor (pain)
tumor (swelling)

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24
Q

pus collection of one hair follicle often by S. aureus

A

Furuncle

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25
Q

Pus collection involving many hair follicles

A

Carbuncle

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26
Q

Cellulitis in which infection remains in the superficial dermal layer leading to edema localized beneth skin

A

erisypelas (a/w strep, tx with penicillin)

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27
Q

Infection of skin surrounding nail margin, can extend to tendons within hand

A

Paronychia

Tx with warm compress, I&D if area is purulent, add abx if severe

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28
Q

Infection from skin layers down to fascial planes with severe pain out of proportion, fever, white count. Tx?

A

Necrotizing faciitis

Tx with immediate surgical debreidment. Tx with ceftriaxone or penicillin

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29
Q

Prognosis of necrotizing fasciitis

A

increased mortalitiy unless debreidment is rapid

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30
Q

Sunburn with “goosebumps”, strawberry tongue, Patia’s lines (rash in axillae and groin)

A

Scarlet Fever

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31
Q

plugged apocrine glands presents in inflammed masses in the groin and axilla,

A

Hiradenitis suppurativa

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32
Q

irregular erythematous rash found along major skin folds, commonly seen in adult diabetics and caused by corynebacterium spp.

Woods lamp shows - coral red flourescense, KOH prep negative
Dx? Tx?

A

Erythrasma

Tx with erythromycin

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33
Q

silvery white scaling with pink plaques on EXTENSOR SURFACES like elbows and knees and scalp (esp behind ears) Also associated with FINGERNAIL PITTING WITH ONYCHOLYSIS a/w rheumatoid arthritis

A

psoriasis

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34
Q

What is Auspitz sign?

A

removal of overlying scale causes pinpoint bleeding –> psoriasis

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35
Q

What is Kobner’s phenomenon

A

psoriatic lesions appear at sites of cutaenous physical trauma

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36
Q

What type of psoriasis typically presents in child/young adult after streptococcal infection with drop like 1-10mm salmon-pinnk papules with a fine scale?

A

Guttate psoriasis

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37
Q

What type of psoriasis is often localized to the plams and soles, but can be generalized with pustules

A

Pustular psoriasis

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38
Q

What type of psoriasis presents with lesions in the interdiginous areas?very erythematous and look amost like candidal or tinea cruris?

A

Inverse psoriasis

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39
Q

How do you diagnose psoriatic lesions?

40
Q

How do you treat psoriatic lesions?

A

Localized - topical steroids
UVB light and PUVA (Psoralens+UVA) good for diffuse dz
Methotrexate, cyclosporine and TNF antagonists for refractory cases

41
Q

an “itch that rashes” – rash secondary to chronic pruritis

A

Atopic dermatitis

42
Q

Inherited predisposition to asthma, allergies and dermatitis. Dx is clinical

43
Q

Treatment for atopy?

A

avoid irritants, keep skin moist with lotions. Use steroids or antihistamines for symptomatic relief

44
Q

Linear pruritic rash at site of lesion, tx?

A

Contact dermatitis

tx with oral steroid taper

45
Q

What kind of eczema causes multiple pruritic papules and vesicles on the hand and sides of fingers?

A

dyshidrotic eczema

46
Q

Chronic inflammatory disorder affecting head and trunk where sebacous glands most prominent. Can be secondary to Malassezia. Aka “Cradle cap” in infants. Tx?

A

Seborrheic dermatitis

Tx with slenium shampoo

47
Q

Rash caused by mast cell degranulation and histamine release. Can be tested by dermographism.

A

Urticaria (hives)

dermogrphaism is when you write a word in the skin and it remains imprinted as werythematous wheals.

48
Q

Loss of melanocytes in discrete areas of skin appearing sharply demarcated

49
Q

How can you treat vitiligo?

A

Grafting, total depigmentation, chronic UVA/UVB light tx

50
Q

Melanocytes are present, but fail to produce pigment because of tyrosinase deficiency

A

Albinism –> more disposed to skin ca

51
Q

normal melanocyte number but increased melanin within basal kertainocytes –> darken with sun exposure

A

Freckle (ephelis)

52
Q

pigmented macules caused by melanocyte herplasia that does not darken with sun

53
Q

Common mole, benign tumor derived from melanocytes

A

nevocellular nevus

54
Q

Variations of nevi
Blue nevus
Spitz nevus
Dysplastic nevus

A

Blue nevus - black blue nodule present at birth mistaken for melanoma
Spitz nevus - red-pink often seen in children confused with hemangioma or melanoma
Dysplastic nevus - atypical irregularly pigmented lesion with increased risk of transformation to malignant melanoma

55
Q

a benign macular blue-gray birthmark usually on the sacral area of healthy infants

A

mongolian spot - don’t mistake for child abuse, can disappear spontaneously

56
Q

Masklike hyperpigmentation on face seen in pregnancy. Sun accentuates pigmentation

A

melasma (cholasma)

Tx: hydroqunione cream

57
Q

Capillary hemangiomas present at birth tx?

A

resolve on own.. consider b blocker if large or surgical excision

58
Q

Derm finding a/w Sturg Weber syndrome

A

Port wine stain

59
Q

What must you always screen for with Sturg Weber pts with port wine stain?

A

Glaucoma and CNS disease

Tx: laser Tx, will not regress spontaneously

60
Q

yellowish papules often accumulations of foamy histiocytes. Name? If seen on eyelids?

A

Xanthoma
xanthelasma

a/w familial hyperlipidemia or idiopathic

61
Q

Erythematous maculopapular rash aka “herald patch” in christmas tree distribution

A

Pityriasis rosea

62
Q

Tender red nodules occuring on lower legs, sometimes forearms. Common causes include mycoplama, chlamydia, coccioides, mycobacterium leprae, sunfonamides, OCPs, IBD, sarcoid, rheumatic fever, pregnancy

A

Erythema nodosum

63
Q

Black or brown benigh plaques appear to be stuck on skin surface

A

seborrheic keratosis

64
Q

Black velvety plaques on flexor surfaces and interdiginous areas

A

acanthosis nigricans

seen in diabetics or if theres underlying malignancy (lymphoma)

65
Q

Familial defect causing intestinal hyperabsorption of iron. causes increased skin pigmentation, cirrhosis and DM

A

hemachromatosis –> Bronze diabetes

66
Q

Osteoarthritis involving the metacarpophalengeal joints

A

HEMACHROMOTOSIS * pearl

67
Q

Seborrheic keratosis is a sign of what dz?

A

Lesses- Trelat –> adenocarcinoma of the GI tract

68
Q

hand wart

A

verruca vulgaris

69
Q

flat wart seen on hands and face

A

varruca plana

70
Q

Which HPV causes skin and plantar warts?

71
Q

Which HPV cause anorectal and genital warts?

A

HPV 6 and 11 (condyloma acuminatum

72
Q

Which HPV cause cervical CA?

A

HPV 16,18, 31, 33, 35

73
Q

flat warts caused by treponema pallidum

A

condyloma lata

74
Q

What is the treatment for verruca?

A

verrucae salicylic acid, liquid nitrogen or topical imiquimod.

75
Q

Most common skin Ca. Rodent ulcer seen on face with translucent borders and fine telangectasias. Not usually found on lips

A

Basal cell Ca

76
Q

Common in elderly on areas like lower lip, ears and nose. Frequently preceded by actinic keratosis which are rough epidermal lesions on sun exposed areas

A

Squamous cell ca

77
Q

What are ABCDEs

A 
Asymmetry
Boarder (irregular)
Color (multicolor)
Diameter (>6mm, malig)
Elevation (raise)
Enlargement (growing)
78
Q

Connective tissue CA caused by HHV8 that appears like red purple plaques, often seen in AIDS, elderly or Mediterranean males

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma

79
Q

Mycosis fungoides presents with erythematous patches and plaques that ulcerate. What is the ca?

A

Cutaenous T cell lymphoma.

Leukemic phase of the dz is called Sezary syndrome

80
Q

Ash leaf patches (hypopigmented macules) Shagreen spots (leathery cutaenous thickeing) ademoma sebaceum of the face, SZ, MENTAL RETARDATION

A

Tuberous sclerosis

81
Q

Cafe o Lait spots, neurofibromas, meningiomas, acoustic neuromas, kyphoscoliosis

A

Neurofibromatosis.

NF2 causes bilateral acoustic neuromas.

82
Q

Port wine distribution of the face in CN V distribution, mental retardation SZ

A

Sturge Weber

83
Q

Multiple hemangiomas in various organs, increased frequency of Renal Cell Ca and polycythemia

A

Von Hippel Lindau syndrome

84
Q

Rare autoimmune disorder affecting 20-40 yr olds with flaccid epidermal bullae that easily slough off. How to dx?

A

+Nikolsky’s sign

Pemphigus vulgaris

Dx: immunoflourescence surrounding epidermal cells with “tombstone” flourescent pattern

85
Q

How to tx pemphigus vulgaris? (4 drugs)

A

High dose steroids, cyclosporine, Moflitel, antibiotics

86
Q

Common autoimmune dz often affects elderly with hard tense bullae that do not rupture easily

A

Bullous pemphigoid

87
Q

What does biopsy of bullous pemphigoid show?

A

linear band along the basement membrane with increased eosinophils

88
Q

How do you treat bullous pemphigoid?

89
Q

Hypersensitivity reaction to drugs/ infxn / systemic disorders that cause diffuse erythematous target like lesions

A

Erythema multiforme

90
Q

What is the severe febrile form of erythema multiforme that can cause hemorrhagic crusting and affects lips and oral mucosa

A

Strevens johnson syndrome

91
Q

autosomal dominant defect in heme synthesis that causes decreased uroprophyrinogen decarboxlase activity in the RBC and liver

A

porphyria cutanea tarda

92
Q

What are the sx of porphyria cutaena tarda

A

blisters on sun exposed areas
hair on temples and cheeks
no abdominal pain

93
Q

How do you diagnose porphyria cutaena tarda

A

urine flouresces with distinctive orange pink color bc of increased levels of uroporphyrins

94
Q

Tx for porphyria cutanea tarda?

A

sunscreen, phlebotomy, cholorquine, no alcohol

95
Q

From .423-430

A

Do sketchy micro

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