Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

General Practice > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Ulcer

Causes

A

Vascular (chronic venous insufficiency, arterial, mixed, vasculitis)

Mechanical (pressure, friction, shear, trauma)

Neuropathic Surgical, malignancy, infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chronic Venous Incompetence

Signs

A

Oedema Staining

Lipodermatosclerosis

Lower 1/3 of the leg

Painless

Irregular shape

Exudate

Inverted champagne bottle legs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Arterial ulcers

Clinical Presentation

A

Claudication, rest pain

Lower ABI

Weak/absent pulses

Sluggish capillary refill

Regular, punched out appearance

Below ankles to toes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Chronic Venous Incompetence

Treatment

A

Graduated compression bandages

Address factors that delay wound healing - nutrition, smoking, exercise, prolonged standing

Surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Arterial ulcers

Management

A

Improve blood flow through angioplasty, stenting, by-pass grafting

Often requires amputation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Neuropathic ulcers

A

Painless

Bony prominence or area of pressure

Good blood supply for healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ischaemic ulcers

A

Painful

Not essentially on pressure areas

Poor blood supply will negatively affect healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Burns dressings

A

Hydrogels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hydrocolloid dressings

A

Contraindicated on foot ulcers in patients with diabetes or PAD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Red scaly rashes DDx

A

FLAWED PINS

Fungal

LP

Acne

Warts

Eczema

Drug reactions

Psoriasis, P. Rosea

Infections

Neoplasia

Seborrhoea keratoses, solar keratoses, seborrhoeic dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Non-itchy rash DDx

A

Neoplasia

Erythema Multiforme (target lesions - drug reaction)

Pityriasis lichenoides chronica (hypersensitivity reaction to EBV or parvovirus)

Sarcoid

Acne

Impetigo (school sores - Staph/Strep)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Itchy rash (5/10) DDx

A

Acute - P. Rosea, Lupus

Chronic fluctuating - psoriasis, tinea, subaceous dermatitis

Chronic persistent - mycosis fungoides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Itchy rash (10/10) DDx

A

Eczema

Dermatitis Herpetiformis

Lichen Planus (autoimmune)

Scabies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Eczema

A

Vague border

Erythematous base

Puffy surface, scale, wet crusts, erosions, exudative lesions

Vesicles, papules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Contact dermatitis

A

Eczema

Irritant contact dermatitis

Allergic contact dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Scabies

A

Burrows - grey, C/S shaped, black dot at one end

Papules - scattered, red, small, monomorphous

Vesicles - infants, palmar, plantar, occular

Nodules - penile, buttocks, scrotum, axillae

Poor symmetry

Site - below chin line in adults, penis, nipple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Actinic keratoses

A

Hyperkeratotic adherent scale

Skin coloured, erythematous, brown

Rough

Distributed around maximally sun exposed sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bowen’s disease

A

Skin cancer

Evenly coloured, well demarcated, adherent scale

Distributed around sun exposed sites

Asymettrical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

BCC

A

Skin cancer

Risk factors - fair skin, sunlight exposure, age >40, previous BCC

Common sites - head and neck, trunk, limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
A

Scabies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Keratoacanthoma

A

Risk factors - male, >50yo, sun exposure, fair skin

Signs - rapid evolution nodule, central keratotic plug, firm fleshy, skin coloured or red, may resolve spontaenously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

SCC Signs

A

Crusty, scaling, tender nodule

Inflamed, may bleed

Grows over weeks to months

Poorly defined

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

SCC Sites

A

Head and neck

Limbs

Trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Ephelides

A

Freckles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Solar lentigines

A

Hypermelanosis (incraesed melanocytes)

Fair skin, >60yo

Induced by UVR, phototherapy

Surface scaling usually absent. Usually multiple.

Reticulated pigment under dermatoscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Seborrhoeic keratoses

A

Stuck on appearance

Lusterless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Dermatofibroma

A

Common benign fibrous skin lesion

May arise at site of minor trauma such as insect bite

Often on arms and legs.

Firm, asymptomatic and persistent

May be pink, yellow-brown or dark. “Button hole” sign if it is squeezed forming a dimple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Melanoma

Risk factors

A

UVL

Skin phenotype

Family history

History of non-melanoma skin cancer

Melanocytic naevi (1/3 associated)

Previous melanoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Melanoma

Subtypes

A

Superficial spreading (70%)

Nodular (15%)

Acral lentiginous (10%)

Lentigo MM (5%)

Desmoplastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Melanoma

Clinical features

A

ABCDE

Asymmetry

Border irregularity

Colour variegation

Diameter >6mm

Enlargement over months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Atopic eczema

A

Mutations of the filaggrin gene. Leads to dry skin caused by a decrease of fatty acids in the epidermis

Associated with asthma and hayfever, more common in Melbourne and winter (with heaters)

Family history of atopic eczema

Allergens only responsible in 10% - food in infants, house dust mite/pet fur in children/adults.

Most childhood cases improve with age but will always have “sensitive skin”. Advise against nursing, hair-dressing, mechanic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Eczema

Appearance

A

Red, dry, scaly, itchy

“Water colours”

Can blister, be lichenified, weep or be infected/crusted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Atopic Eczema

Clinical Features

A

Infant - face

Childhood/adulthood - flexural (cubital/popliteal fossa), neck, wrists, ankles, eyelids, nipples, hands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Infected Eczema

Organisms

A

Staphylococcus aureus (most common)

Herpes simplex virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Seborrhoeic Dermatitis

A

Type of eczema “Butterfly rash” - scalp, top of eyebrows, top of nose and chest

Malassezia species involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Pompholyx Eczema

A

Vesicles affecting the hands and feet

37
Q

Discoid Eczema

A

Circular

Children or adults

Unknown cause

38
Q

Varicose Eczema

A

Chronic venous insufficiency

Lipodermatosclerosis (tethered and hardened skin)

39
Q

Asteototic Eczema

A

Elderly

Lower legs

“Crazy paving” appearance

40
Q

Lichen Simplex

A

Eczema due to simply scratching

Often occurs at the side of the neck or side of the knees

41
Q

Irritant contact dermatitis

Common causes

A

Water

Detergents and soap

Solvents and abrasives

Oils

Acids and alkalis

42
Q

Allergic Contact Dermatitis

A

Type IV immunological response

Due to allergen contacting the skin

43
Q

Eczema

General Treatment

A

Avoid dryness - no long hot showers, no soap (use moisturisers/bath oil)

Avoid overheating - clothing, bedding

Avoid irritation - clothing (remove labels, avoid wool)

Moisturisers +++

Topical steroids (ointments are preferred)

Treat infection (soak off crusts, oral antibiotics, steroid cream)

Wet dressings (applied over steroid ointment, removed when dry)

44
Q

Psoriasis

A

Chronic inflammatory disease - 2-3x increased risk of CVD

10% psoriatic arthritis

Family history

Peak incidence in early adulthood

Occurs due to a rapid turnover in keratinocytes, resulting in a thick scale

45
Q

Psoriasis

Clinical Presentation

A

Usually not itchy Improves with sunlight

“Oil colours”

Silvery scale on salmon pink plaques

Extensor surfaces - elbows, knees

Lower back/buttocks

Scalp

Affects nails

Tends to spare face

Koebner phenomenon - if you scratch normal skill, psoriasis develops in that area

46
Q

Flexural psoriasis

A

Psoriasis in the flexor regions

No scaliness

Still has a deep “oil colour” colour

47
Q

Nail psoriasis

A

Thickening of the nail

Onycholysis (lifting up of the distal end of the nail bed)

Pitting

48
Q

Pustular psoriasis

A

Pustules and brown macules

Usually on the hands/feet

Often without plaques

May be painful or burning

49
Q

Guttate psoriasis

A

“Rain drops” with uniform scaling

Acute onset

Triggered by Strep. throat infection

Younger patients

50
Q

Psoriasis

Treatment

A

Moisturisers +++

Potent topical steroids (short term, intermittent use to avoid rebound psoriasis aka tachyphylaxis)

Topical calcipotriol (vit D) long-term

Topical tar/dithranol/salicyclic acid

Phototherapy (artificial UVB light or natural sunlight)

Oral methotrexate

Oral acitretin (vit A derivative)

Oral cyclosporin

Biological (TNF-alpha blockers)

51
Q

Acne

Causative factors

A

Androgen mediated increase in sebum

Hyperproliferation of keratinocytes in the intrafollicular duct leading to comedones

Overgrowth of Priopionibacterium acnes

Inflammation

52
Q

Acne

Treatment - Simple Measures

A

Wash face 1-2 times day

Don’t squeeze spots

Avoid excess makeup, removing before bed

Wash hair regularly

53
Q

Mild comedonal acne

Treatment

A

Topical retinoid

54
Q

Mild papulo-pustular acne

Treatment

A

Topical retinoid with benzoyl peroxide OR

Topical antibiotic with benzyol peroxide

55
Q

Severe nodulo-cystic acne

A

Oral isotretinoin (dermatologist only) for 6-8 months

56
Q

Rosacea

Exacerbating factors

A

Heat

Sunlight

Alcohol

Spicy foods

57
Q

Rosacea

Clinical Presentation

A

Ace of clubs sign

Erythema

Flushing

Telangectasiae

Papules and pustules (no comedones)

Rhinophima (swelling on the tip of the nose)

58
Q

Rosacea

Treatment

A

Avoid exacerbating factors

Sun protection

Metronidazole gel - papules

Antibiotics (as per acne) - papules and erythema, preventing rhinophima

Laser

59
Q

POD (Perioral/periorofacial dermatitis)

A

Variant of rosacea - erythema and papules

Occurs around the mouth, base of the nose and eyelids

60
Q

POD

Treatment

A

Stop topical steroids (will get an initial flare due to steroid withdrawal)

Antibiotics (as per acne)

61
Q

Cradle cap

A

Seborrheaic dermatitis

Soften scales with olive oil

WIll drop off

62
Q

Vitiligo

A

Sharply demarkated loss of pigment

Autoimmune B12 deficiency, thyroid dysfunction, diabetes

UVB can be used but not very effective

63
Q

Melazma

A

Hyperpigmentation of the face

Due to pregnancy or OCP

64
Q

Lichenplanus

A

Cobble stoned yet smooth appearance of plaques, slightly elevated red skin

Idiopathic inflammatory

70% resolve spontaneously over 12 months

65
Q

Erythema nodosum

A

Think of underlying sarcoid, strep, drugs, malignancy, pregnancy, others

Often idiopathic

66
Q

School sores

A

Impetigo

Caused by staph/strep infection

Occur on the side of mouth or upper thighs

Tx - fluclox

67
Q

Pityriasis Rosacea

A

X-mas tree pattern, begins with a herald patch

Salmon pink

Presents similarly to syphilis

68
Q

Erythema multiformi

A

Target lesions

Causes - drugs, herpes, myocplasma

Systemic features might indicate Steven-Johnson’s syndrome

69
Q
A

Eczema

70
Q
A

Atopic eczema with lichenification

71
Q
A

Infected eczema

72
Q
A

Eczema herpeticum

73
Q
A

Seborrhoeic dermatitis

74
Q
A

Discoid eczema

75
Q
A

Psoriasis

76
Q
A

Guttate psoriasis

77
Q
A

Papular and pustular acne

78
Q
A

Nodular/cystic acne

79
Q
A

Rosacea

80
Q

Mumps

Clinical Presentation

A

Painful swelling of parotid gland

Can also cause testicular swelling

Maculopapular rash extending from the face to the extremities

81
Q

Bowen’s disease

A

Early form of SCC

Usually affects the lower leg

Slow growing, rarely irritating

82
Q

Molluscum Contagiosum

A

Central clearing, not painful, slightly itchy, common in immunocompromised

83
Q

Rash after Ivy

A

Contact allergic dermatitis

84
Q

Herald patch

A

Pityriasis rosacea

85
Q

Brushfield’s spots

A

Down syndrome

86
Q

Koplic spots

A

Measles

87
Q

Rash with peri-orbital sparing

A

Scarlet fever

88
Q

Rash in webbed spaces of fingers

A

Scabies

General Practice (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions