Dermatology Flashcards
What are the layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep ?
Come : Corneum
Let’s : Lucidum
Get : Granulosum
Sun : Spinosum
Burned : Basale
Where are Ruffini corpuscles found ?
In the reticular layer of the dermis. Those are mechanoreceptors that sense stretch and joint angle change.
What is the dermis made of ?
Papillary layer (thin) : Meissner corpuscles (fine & discriminative touch + vibration), immune cells and capillaries
Reticular layer (thick) : hair follicle roots, sebaceous and apocrine glands, Ruffini corpuscles and cappilaries.
What is acantholysis ?
Loss of coherence between epidermal cells due to breakdown of intercellular bridges.
It results in flaccid bullae.
What is parakeratosis ?
Retention of nuclei within the stratum corneum. It generally possess only anucleated keratinocytes.
What is lichen planus and what are its characteristics (6P) ?
Autoimmune conditions of the skin and oral mucosa.
6 P : purple, pruritic, polygonal, planar, plaques and papules.
What is spongiosis ?
Accumulation of fluid within the intercellular space.
What is a macule ?
Flat skin lesion less than 1cm of diameter
What is a vesicle ?
Fluid filled blisters more than 1cm in diameter.
What are patches ?
Flat lesions more than 1cm of diameter
What are papules ?
Raised lesions less than 1 cm of diameter
What is a plaque ?
An elevated lesion more than 1 cm in diameter.
What is a bulla ?
Fluid filled blister more than 1cm in diameter
What are pustules ?
Pus filled vesicles
What is a wheal ?
Transiently raised edematous lesion that can last minutes to hours. Plaques however can last for weeks.
They involve IgE antibodies and histamine release.
What is excoriations ?
Abrasion and trauma to the skin due to mechanical force.
What are hematomas ?
Non blanching collection of blood.
Flat hematoma : ecchymoses (due to trauma) or petechiae (due to infections)
Raised or palpable : palpable purpura (due to vessel damage)
