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Phar 153 > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

UVA

A
  • phototoxic rxn –> exaggerated sunburn
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2
Q

Skin Regeneration process

A
  • very thin, cells move up they die
  • Lipids present on skin
  • Epidermis mositure determines pliability
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3
Q

Epidermis

A
  • Dry skin, aging, being a barrier
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4
Q

melanocytes

A

Suntan, vertigo, melanoma

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5
Q

sebacceaus tissue

A

acne

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6
Q

Sweat gland

A

heat related

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7
Q

dermis

A

hair follicles, sebaceuous and sweat gands, sensations of itch, pain, stinging

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8
Q

Factors that affect drug absorption on the skin

A

Skin Hydration –> Sweat –> Absorption increases
pH of Drug and vehicle
Thickness of application
Temperature of skin

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9
Q

What is a finger-tip unit?

A
  • One FTU equals the top crease of finger to end of finger
  • Covers area of two sides of hand
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10
Q

Erythema

A
  • just redness
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11
Q

Bullae

A
  • Bigger version of blistering
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12
Q

Wheal

A
  • Little Bumps
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13
Q

Papule, pustule, nodule, cyst

A

Acne

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14
Q

Abscess

A
  • Folliculitis –> hair growing back in (acte phase) redness –> 3-4 days after crusting
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15
Q

Scales, plaque and Patch

A

Lichenification –> SKin thickens over time to protect itself

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16
Q

Excoriation

A
  • Mechnaical irritation
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17
Q

Ulcer

A

Hole –> Diabetics foot

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18
Q

Macuole

A
  • Frecke
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19
Q

Papule

A
  • Pimple Like
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20
Q

Xerosis

A
  • Dry Skin
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21
Q

Factors that can cause dry skin

A
  • Excessive bathing/showering
  • Low humdiity
    Aging
    Sun damage
    Soaps –> not good for skin
    Mechanical rubbing
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22
Q

What conditions would a person have drier skin?

A

Diabetes
Hypothyroidism

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23
Q

Tx for dry skin

A

Eczema Grade products –> Unscented, non-allergenic, gentlr/soapless, no colours added

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24
Q

Non-drug tx for Dry Skin

A
  • cut back bathing and showering
  • less hot water
    Pat dry rather than rub
    Apply cream/lotion while still dry
    Increase water intake and humidifier –> Not a mjor player
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25
Q

Bath Oils

A
  • Oil and surfactant –> few tablespoons
  • Can feel good –> No s/e
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26
Q

Colloidal Oatmeal

A

Tiny effect, but go for it
Water-holding, slight anti-inflammatory, anti-itch

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27
Q

Moisturizers Effectiveness

A

Bath oils
Lotions
Creams
Ointments
petroleum

Increase in effect, but user acceptance worse

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28
Q

Ceramide

A
  • Ecezma –> Not useful –> needs to get underneath the skin not on top
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29
Q

Humectants and examples

A
  • Hydroscopic cpds –> attract and hold water molecules, mainly dermis

Glycerin, phospholipids and urea

30
Q

Keratin Softening Agents

A

-AHA and Urea
- Dermatologist recommended
- Dry skin on elbows and specialized spots

31
Q

Salicyclic Acid

A

Not for dry skin

32
Q

Tx Choice Questions to Consider

A

Lotion or cream
Stay clear of perfumes
Do I need an active ingridient? Often –> NO

33
Q

Cracked/Dry Heels

A
  • Sand down keratin
    Keep clean
    Use lotion, cream, ointment
    Nexcare –> good option, put into the crack to seal it, then put lotion or cream
34
Q

Cracked Nails and Biotin

A

Not gonna help

35
Q

Age Spots

A

Hyperpigmentation –> “Liver spots”
Tretinoin, hydroquinone, monobenzone

36
Q

Anti-wrinkle

A

hereditary, smoking, sun exposure
AHA’s or Tretinoin
- Prevention –> Lotions with SPF

37
Q

Itch causes

A
  • Multidimensional –> Increases as we age
38
Q

Non-med tx for Itch

A

Cool compress, less hot showers, dry skin products

39
Q

What products help with itch?

A
  • Ecezma grade –> no added perfumes, colours or irritants
40
Q

What can ecezma grade products be used for?

A
  • Dry skin, itch, ecezma, sunburn
41
Q

Calamine Use in Itch

A
  • First aid (insect bites) or chickenpox only
42
Q

Menthol Uses for Itch

A

Less than 1% –> Anti-pruritic –> helpful for dry skin
Greater than 1% –> Counter-irritant –> RUBA535

43
Q

Local Anasthetics for Itch?

A

Benzocaine and Pramoxine –> No –. FIRST AID

44
Q

Are anti-histamines useful for itch?

45
Q

Topical Steroids for Itch?

A

Yes

Hydrocortisone –> 0.5-1% –> 7 potency
Clobetasome (Behind-the-counter) –> 4 potency

reverse effects of mediators that cause itch

46
Q

Describe the steroid potency scale?

A

7 - Low potency
4 –> Medium Potency
1 –> High potency

47
Q

An itch and a rash usually indicates a…..

A

skin condition

48
Q

An itch and no rash usually indicates a….

A

systemic disease

49
Q

What is eczema? What are the phases?

A

Skin-barrier dysfunction

Acute (7 days) –> Blistering
Sub acute –> dry skin
Chronic –> Scalling

All stages are common

50
Q

Where is ecezma most common on infants?

51
Q

Differentials of Eczema

A
  • Psoriasis
  • Contact Derm
  • Impetigo –> Bacterial –> Yellow crusting
  • 5th Disease –> Flushed face –> not itcy
  • Prickly heat –> heat/sweat trapped
  • Seborrhea Dermatitis
52
Q

What can worsen ecezma?

A
  • irritants wool >cotton, sweating, hand soaps/sanitizers
  • Allergens
53
Q

Tx of Ecezma

A
  1. Ecezma grade lotions
    DO NOT NEED CERAMIDE, CALAMINE
    Can use plain water baths to help with itchy lesions
54
Q

Topical Steroids Use in Ecezma

A
  • apply whetehr oozing or dry
  • cream or ointment

0.5-1% Hydrocortisone –> Potency 1
Clobetasome –> Potency 4

55
Q

What is the “3 week rule” and is it true?

A
  • Can only use steroids for 3 weeks
  • Not true; only for very potent steroids
  • Common s/e –> Skin atrophy, straie, telangiectasia (spider veins)
56
Q

How to choose a steroid for ecezma and when to use?

A
  • Rough and red –> Appply steroid
    Stop when clear and smooth
    FTU –> Adult finger –> every time
    Match steroid strength to derm severity
57
Q

Calcineurin Inhibitors

A
  • 2nd line agent
  • steroid free > 2 years old
    No skin atrophy
    Useful for think skin areas –> face

Pimecrolinus
tacrolinus

prevent rather than react acutely

58
Q

PDE4 Inhibitor

A
  • JACK inhibitor
  • ## Non-steroidal
59
Q

probiotics

A
  • Tx –> Not helpful
    Prevention –> Helpful –> But dose and type
60
Q

Fifth Disease

A
  • Flushed face
  • Parovirus –> Starts with a cold
  • 5-6 years old
  • No tx
61
Q

Roseola (Sixth Disease)

A
  • Viral
  • High fever, cold symptoms, not itchy
    Maculopapular rash
    NO tx –> Contagious
62
Q

Hand/Foot/Mouth

A

Viral –> Starts with a cold
2 days fever, 2 days mouth sores, 2 days rash
5 years old
no tx

63
Q

Molloscum

A
  • Viral
    Similar to warts
    skin to skin contact
    10-20 lesions on average
    16-18 months to eradicate naturally; surgically remove
    adults can get it
64
Q

Erthymea Toxicum

A

Flat red splotches, white pimple-like bump in middle
half of all babies
Gone in 7-14 days
Generally benign

65
Q

Millia

A
  • Pediatric acne –> little bumps
    Along nose line
    No tx
66
Q

Impetigo

A
  • Bacterial
  • Kids 2-5
    Prescribe for this
    Yellow crusts usually near mouth
    2-3 weeks
    staphlocoocus aureus or streptococcus pyogenes
    Pustules – Rupture –> Yellow crusts

Tx –> Mupicron –> 7 days –> Remove crusts first, then apply anti-biotic

67
Q

Folliculitis

A
  • Ingrown hair

Mupricon –> 10 days
Fuscidic acid

68
Q

Measles

A

Viral
harder on kids than German Measles
Chcicken pox is itchier
Not much therapy
Sick 3-5 days
Cough lasts after rash
39-40 C –> fever
rash, but sick for 7-14 days

69
Q

german Measles

A
  • gnerally mild
    fever, rash, itchy rash
    many have few or no symptoms
70
Q

Chicken Pox

A

Maculopapular
red spots –> fluid blisters –> scab over
Calamine
No NSAIDS

71
Q

Mumps

A

Swollen salivary glands

Phar 153 (7 decks)

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