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Human Disease > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the structure of the skin?

A
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2
Q

Structure of skin more detail

A
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3
Q

What are the functions of the skin?

A

• Protection from the environment
Chemical, thermal, physical, UV injury
• Thermoregulation
• Neuroreceptor
External stimuli
• Antigen processing
• Synthesis of vitamin D
• Cosmetic

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4
Q

History taking in a patient with a skin disorder?

A

• Age, sex occupation
• History of presenting complaint
- symptoms/ initial site/ subsequent involvement
• Relevant systems review
• Current/past treatment
• Past medical history
• Family history
• Drug history
• Allergies

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5
Q

What does examination involve?

A

• should include careful complete skin inspection
Remember also
• ‘Hidden sites’ e.g. scalp, nails, umbilicus, natal cleft

• mucous membranes
oral mucosa
eyes
nasopharynx
± genitalia

site: e.g. localised / generalised/ distribution skin and/or mucous membranes
morphology: e.g. mono / polymorphic, blister/ erosion/ scarring
background skin: normal/ erythema

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6
Q

What is a macule and what is a patch?

A
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7
Q

What is a plaque?

A
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8
Q

What is a papule?

A
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9
Q

What is a nodule?

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10
Q

What is a vesicle?

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11
Q

What is a bulla?

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12
Q

What is a scale?

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13
Q

What is Lichenification and Excoriation?

A
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14
Q

What is an ulcer?

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15
Q

What is a scar?

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16
Q

Investigations ?

A

In order to clarify or confirm a diagnosis the following tests may be
needed:
• Skin swabs/scrapings
Bacteriology, virology, mycology

• Skin biopsy
Histology Culture Immunofluorescence

• Patch tests
Undertaken if a contact allergy is suspected

• Photo-tests
to investigate a possible sensitivity to UV

If a patient is unwell and either infected or in need of systemic therapy, the following blood investigations may be required
• Haematology: FBC, ESR
• Biochemistry: U+E, LFT, glucose, CRP
• Immunology: ANA, DNA, organ specific antibodies
• Virology: herpes simplex serology

17
Q

Management of skin disorders?

A
18
Q

What is eczema?

A

This is a pruritic inflammatory condition associated with dryness and erythema of skin. Scratching results in excoriation and lichenification

19
Q

What are the different types of eczema?

A

Atopic/flexural
Varicose
seborrhoeic
discoid
Lichen simplex

20
Q

Dermatitis may also be secondary to contact with a substance leading to:
(After eczema slide)

A

Irritant contact e.g.. over hand washing
Allergic contact dermatitis

21
Q

What can eczema be secondarily infected by? (2)

A

Staphylococcus aureus (impetiginised eczema) yellow crust and weeping

Herpes simplex (eczema herpeticum) Monomorphic lesions

22
Q

Management of eczema

A

Avoid soap, shower gel and contact with irritants such as domestic cleaning agents
Advise use of:
• Emollients e.g. soap substitutes, moisturisers
• Topical steroids • Oral antibiotics
• Antihistamines (sedative)
• Wet wraps
• Acyclovir if suspect herpes simplex (eczema herpeticum)

23
Q

What are the clinical features of psoriasis?

A

• 2% prevalence. Strong family history
• Symmetrical well-defined red plaques with thick silvery scale
• Elbows and knees common sites
• Lasts for many years
• Types
Psoriasis vulgaris
Guttate
Erythrodermic
Pustular

24
Q

What is psoriasis vulgaris?

A
25
Q

Psoriasis - scalp, hairline and nails?

A
26
Q

What is Guttate Psoriasis

A

M

27
Q

Generalised pustular psoriasis

A
28
Q

What is the treatment of psoriasis?

A
29
Q

What is lichen planus ?

A

• Unknown aetiology 1-2% population
• Onset 30-60yrs
• Flat-topped violaceous papules on skin
• Predilection for flexor surfaces and lower back
• Clinical variants
Hypertrophic
annular
plantar
Oral – several sub-types
Lip
genital
scalp – lichen planopilaris

30
Q

Oral lichen planus

A
31
Q

Treatment of lichen planus?

A
32
Q

Pruritis (itchy skin)

A
33
Q

Varicella

A
34
Q

What are warts caused by?

A
35
Q

Bacterial infections Staphylococcus aureus/ streptococcal infections

A
36
Q

Fungal infections

A
37
Q

SEE SUMMARY NOTES - VERY VERY IMPORTANT TO LEARN FROM THERE BEFORE THIS FLASHCARDS

A

Human Disease (18 decks)

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