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Dermatology > dermatology 1 microscopy and terminology > Flashcards

dermatology 1 microscopy and terminology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Layers of the epidermis

A

Stratum corneum = no nuclei, just keratin
Sratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum = thickest part with polygonal cells
Stratum balase

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2
Q

What are the antigen presenting cells in the epidermis

A

Langerhans cells

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3
Q

What is the adnexa

A

Glands and follicles

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4
Q

What is the thickest layer of the epidermis

A

Stratum spinosum

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5
Q

What is anogen and what are the microscopic characterisrics

A

Active phase of hair growth
See hair bulb is deep in dermis
Long hair shaft

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6
Q

What is catagen

A

transition phase between anogen and telogen

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7
Q

What is tenogen and what are the microscopic characteristics

A

Resting phase in hair cycle.
Follicle short and bulb superficial
Old hairs pushed out

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8
Q

In endocrinopathies affecting the skin, what hair cycle phase are most hairs in

A

Tolegon

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9
Q

WHat do we see with parakeratotic hyperkeratosis

A

Scale, flaky skin
Due to fragmented keratinised cells
Get increased thickness of stratum corneum with nuclei retained in stratum corneum
e.g can get this in zinc responsive hyperkeratosis

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10
Q

What processes are epidermal hyperplasia assocaited with

A

Chronic dermatitis
Callous formatino

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11
Q

What is acanthosis

A

Thickening of epidermis particularly of the stratum spinosum e.g in papilloma

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12
Q

When might we see epidermal atrophy

A

Hyperadrenocorticism
Ageing
Malnution

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13
Q

What is lichenification

A

Rough, thickened skin with fissures

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14
Q

What do we see with seborrhoea

A

erythema, hyperkeratosis, lots of scbum, canathosis

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15
Q

What is seborrrhoea sicca

A

Dry version of seborrhoea

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16
Q

What do we call a fluid filled cavity in/beneath epidermis that is >5mm in diameter

A

ampulla

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17
Q

What do we call a fluid filled cavity in/beneath epidermis that is <5mm in diameter

A

vesicle

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18
Q

WHen might we see veicle formation

A

Viral infection e.g orf
Autoimmune disease

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19
Q

What is the difference between an erosion and an ulcer

A

Erosion = partial loss of the epidermis
ULcer = loss of epidermis

20
Q

What is hydropic degeneration and when might we seeit

A

Intracellular oedema of cells
Can be seen in viral diseases e.g pox or thermal damage
If they merge, get vesicle formation

21
Q

Papule vs pustule

A

Papule = elevated firm area
Pustule = elevated superficial accumulation of pus

22
Q

When deficiency can lead to loss of pigmentation

A

Copper

23
Q

What is a fissure

A

Linear crack or break in dermis

24
Q

What is calcinosis cutis

A

Calcium deposits in the dermis e.g in hyperadrenocorticism

25
Q

What is calcinosis circumscripta and when might we see it

A

Calcium deposition in skin over pressure poiints
Seen in large dogs with inappropriate lying environment

26
Q

What is perivascular dermatitis usually related to

A

Alergic skin dermatitis e.g FAD, atopy, food allergy, contact dermatitis, photosensitisation

27
Q

What is acantholysis and what disease might we see it in

A

Separation of the cells of the stratum spinosum layer
e.g in pemphigous foliacous; with loss of monofilament desmosomes

28
Q

What disease might we see pigmentary incontinence in

A

Lupus erythematosus

29
Q

What is panniculitis

A

Inflammation of the subcut fat

30
Q

Endocrine skin disease characteristics

A

Hairs arrested in telogen
Therefore easily epilated by licking/rubbing
Bilaterally symmetrical alopeci
EPidermal atrophy and hyperkeratosis
Sebaceous gland atropgy

31
Q

If an animal presents with intesnsely pruritis facial nodules and has travel abroad history what might we suspect

A

Subcutaneous dirofilariosis
= nematode spread by mosquitos with lifecycle under the skin

32
Q

Classic distribution of pruritis with cats with food allergy dermatitis

A

Head

33
Q

Classic distribution of itching with cats with flea allergy dermatitis

A

Caudodorsal and caudoventral areas
HEad

34
Q

Classic distribution of itching with feline atopic skin syndrome

A

Head
Ventrum

35
Q

What is a pustule

A

Small circumscribed elevation of epidermis filled with pus

36
Q

Why do we want to work out whether pustules are follicular or not

A

Follicular pustules e.g folliculitis need more severe treatment compared to non-follicular noes

37
Q

Example of cause of non-follicular pustules

A

Puppy pyoderma

38
Q

What condition are follicular cast often associated with

A

Demodicosis
(can also get primary genetic defect causng seborrhoea in young dogs)

39
Q

What are follicular casts

A

Where hairs are held together by hyperkeratosis; often assocaited with demodicosis

40
Q

What is ictheosis

A

Primary seborrheic skin condition that can be seen from puppihood

41
Q

What mite do we need to get down to capilary bleeding to find

A

Demodex

42
Q

What might we use acetate tape impressions to pic up

A

Surface mits e.g cheytiella
Bacteria
Malassezia

43
Q

Where should we take a trichogram from

A

Lesion periphery

44
Q

What is wood’s lamp used for

A

Identification of microsporum; makes hairs fluoresce bright green

45
Q

How long do we need to do an exclusion diet for and what do we do

A

Minimum 4 weeks
Either novel foodstuff single source of protein and carb or commercial hypoallergenic diet

46
Q

How long must a patient be free from steroid or cyclosproine before intradermal skin testing

A

4 weeks

47
Q

How common is contact dermatitis

A

Rare

Dermatology (8 decks)

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