Derm2Exam Flashcards
1
Q
The borders of cellulitis are ________?
A
not well defined
2
Q
The borders of erysipelas are ________?
A
sharply defined
3
Q
clinical presentation of cellulitis
A
erythema, edema and warmth in deeper dermis and subcutaneous fat
4
Q
clinical presentation of cellulitis
A
erythema, edema and warmth in upper dermis and superficial lymphatics
5
Q
most common cause of cellulitis?
A
gram positive
6
Q
most common cause of erysipelas?
A
mostly beta hemolytic strep
7
Q
treatment of cellulitis/ersyipelas?
A
Elevation, treat underlying condition, antibiotics PO/parenteral
8
Q
what is impetigo?
A
superficial bacterial infection that looks like honey-crusted lesions
9
Q
risk factors of impetigo
A
poverty, crowding, poor hygiene, underlying scabies
10
Q
impetigo sequelae (following)?
A
poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever
11
Q
impetigo treatment?
A
antibiotics (something that will treat S. aureus and beta-hemolytic strep
12
Q
erythema marginatum presentation?
A
pink barely raised, non-pruritic rings on trunk and inner surfaces of arms and legs
13
Q
erythema marginatum possibly related to?
A
rhuematic fever or carditis
14
Q
tinea corporis presentation?
A
expanding ring like lesions with scaly erythematous advancing raised edge and clear center found on the body aka ring worm
15
Q
what is the striatum corneum
A
highest level of epidermis (horned layer)
16
Q
where is the tinea pedis found?
A
on feet
17
Q
How do you treat tinea corporis/tinea pedis?
A
topical antifungal
18
Q
how do you treat nail or hair fungal infections?
A
PO antifungal
19
Q
what is tinea versicolor?
A
chronic hyperpigmented (or less likely, hypopigmented) scaling dermatosis
20
Q
How do you treat versicolor?
A
one large dose of antifungal.
21
Q
where is tinea barbae found?
A
in the hair
22
Q
where is tinea capitis found?
A
on the head
23
Q
what does tinea capitis look like?
A
hair breaks off at the follicle and leaves a black dot.
24
Q
what can form if you get tinea capitis?
A
kerion
25
what is a kerion formed from?
a reaction to the fungus tinea capitis
26
what is a kerion?
a boggy elevated tneder nodule (gray patch) with possible cervical lymphadenopathy
27
what color would the kerion turn if you had a woods light?
blue green
28
what is onychomycosis mainly caused by in the toenails?
mostly dermophytes
29
what is onychomycosis mainly caused by in the fingernails?
mainly yeast
30
what are the three types of onychomycosis?
distal subungal. proximal subungal and white superficial
31
what do you suspect if you see a proximal subungal toe
HIV
32
when would you have to treat for nail fungus?
if its a fingernail,symoptomatic, peripheral neuropathy or diabetes
33
what is paronychia?
inflammation of lateral and posterior nail folds
34
how do you treat paronychia?
ora antibiotics and topical anti-staph. also if abcess I&D and oral antibiotics
35
what are the different stages of hair growth?
anagen, catagen and telegen
36
what is anagen?
where your hair starts to grow and is growing
37
what is catagen?
the in between phase of anagen and telegen
38
what is telegen?
hair is a the end of its life and closer to the skin so it falls out easier
39
what are some non-scarring types of alopecia?
alopecia areata, pattern alopecia, telegen effuvium and trichotillomania
40
alopecia areata
autoimmune inflammatory with very smooth patches with short fractures hair at edges
41
types of alopecia areata
totalis and universalis
42
what is totalis
alopecia areata on the entire head
43
what is universalis?
alopecia areata on the whole body
44
treatment of alopecia areata?
refer to derm for intralesional corticosteroid and immunomodulator
45
what is pattern alopecia?
androgenic alopecia that results in hair thinning on crown or recession at the temples
46
pattern alopecia in women?
frontal hair is preserved but there is a wider part anteriorly
47
Treatment of pattern alopecia?
shorten the telogen phase (minoxidil), in women use oral anti-androgens
48
If a woman presents with pattern alopecia and has other abnormal excessive hair growth what should you test her for?
hirsuitism
49
what is telegen effuvium
non-inflammatory diffuse hair loss usually following an illness or injury
50
what is trichotillomania?
people pulling their hair out. you can usually see hair growing back in
51
what are some of the scarring alopecias?
chemical, physical trauma, bacterial or fungal infection, sever herpes zoster in opthalmic branch, chronic discoid lupus
52
Herpes simplex clinical presentation
cluster of pink papules that become vesicular
53
herpes simplex symptoms
painful ulcers with prodromal stage
54
how is herpes simplex transferred?
via oral secretions or herpetic lesions
55
what are the primary infection symptoms of herpes simplex?
10-14 days fever, lymphadenopathy and pain
56
what are some of the herpes simplex triggers?
UV light, fatigue, trauma, laser or immunosuppression
57
what are some tests to determine if it's herpes simplex?
PCR (pricey btu definitive) or tzanck preparation (look for multinucleated giant cells)
58
what are you looking for in a tzanck preparation?
multinucleated giant cells
59
how can you tell the difference between herpes simplex ulcer and syphilis?
syphilis ulcer is not painful
60
herpes zoster transmission?
aerolized or direct contact
61
herpes zoster clinical presentation
prodrome (fever, malaise, pharyngitis, loss of appetite)
62
complications of herpes zoster
neurological --> encephaliits and reye syndrome**** don't give kids aspirin, pneumonia and infections
63
what is reye syndrome associated with?
Its a complication of herpes zoster and aspirin in children
64
what are the important things to remember about the herpes zoster vaccine?
it's live so don't give to pregnant women, cancer or HIV pts
65
what are the clinical features of herpes zoster?
chicken pox** generalized vesicular rash from macules to papules to vesicles to crusted papules
66
reactivation of VZV clinical presentation
painful unilateral dermatomal distribution with vesicular rash aka SHINGLES
67
complications of reactivation of VZV
zoster ophthalmicus (ophthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve), postherpetic neuralgia, motor neuropathy and meningitis
68
how can you test that it is shingles (reactivation of VZV)
tzanck or PCR
69
what are the clinical symptoms of molluscum contagiosum?
flesh color dome shaped papules with central core caused by pox virus
70
what are some of the treatments of molluscum contagiosum?
I'm pretty sure you don't do anything. they willl just go away eventually
71
what are some of the treatments of common warts?
observe, liquid nitro, salicylic acid, duck tape, snip or shave
72
what is a persistent infection of anogenital warts possibly?
SCC
73
how to treat anogenital warts?
keep genitals dry, clean and use condoms or chemical,physcial destruction, immunologic or surgical
74
what is acanthosis nigricans?
benign hypertrophic dark plaques in flexural and intertriginous areas) skin disease underlying medical condition (typically obesity and insulin resistance)
75
how to treat acanthosis nigricans?
treat underlying condition first and skin will fix naturally
76
what is melasma?
skin hyperpigmentation, malar, central face and mandibular
77
how do you treat melasma?
bleach, topical retinoids, chemical peels or discontinue OC or give birth and it will go away
78
what is melasma caused by>
typically OC or pregnancy
79
what is vitiligo?
autoimmune depigmentation of the skin, slowly enlarging macules
80
how to treat vitiligo?
repigmentation, make up or staining
81
what is vitiligo associated with?
hashimoto, grves, diabetes pernicious anemia, rheumatoid arthritis
82
what is it if a woods lamp turns something blue green
fungal
83
what is it if a woods lamp turns something coral red?
bacterial
84
what are the 3 main features of hidradenitis suppurtiva?
blind boil, bilateral involvement, relapses and chonicity
85
what is hidradenitis suppurtiva?
inflammatory noduels, abcesses and sinusus with scarring mostly in intertriginous areas
86
what is the treatment of hidradenitis suppurtiva?
nroe cure, just control
87
what are the Hurley stages?
o 1. Abcess without sinus tract or scarring
o 2. Recurrent tract formations and scarring
o 3. Diffuse and interconnected tracts
88
what is a precursor of SCC?
actinic keratosis, scar, chronic ulcer
89
what are the ABCDE
asymmetry, border irregularities, color variation, diameter greater than 6mm, evolution of color change
90
what is leser trelat sign?
explosive onset of multiple seborrheic keratoses significant of GI malignancy
91
what is the treatment of actinic karatosis
depends on size and location. liquid nitro, surgical or prevention
92
wht are the clinical symptoms of scabies?
intensly pruritic, vesicles or nodules with excoriation and crusting
93
treatment of scabies?
permethrin cream
94
what are the clinical symptoms of brown recluse?
infarction of the skin, sinking macule, extension into muscle
95
black widow clinical symptoms?
neurologic overstimulation
96
treatment of black widow and brown recluse?
diazepam
97
how are pediculosis transferred?
lice go from fomite to fomite, no jumping
98
how is pediculosis treated?
lice are treated with permethrin cream
99
what are the clinical sings of bedbugs?
three bites in a row
100
what are the clinical signs of chiggers?
intense itching around sock and pant line
101
what is lipoma?
benign adipose tumor
102
what is liverdo reticularis?
mottled builish discoloration of skin
103
secondary liverdo reticularis is indicitive of?
serious disease. vasuclar obstructoin viscositiy changes, drugs
104
idiopathic liverdo reticularis
netlike patterm that discoor after warming
105
purpura clinical presentation
bleeding under skin or mucousal membrane does not blanch. petichiae or ecchymosis
106
what are xanthomas?
macuels, papules plaques, nodules or infiltrations in tendons. check cholesterol.
107
where is tuberous xanthoma found?
elbow and knees
108
where is tendinous xanthoma found?
achilles
109
what is xanthelasma?
polygonal papules and plaques in upper and lower eye lids
110
where is phemphigus follaceous?
confined to the skin
111
where is Pemphigus vulgaris and paraneoplastic pemphigus
involves skin and mucosal surfaces. associated with malignancy, non-hodgkins lymphoma
112
what is pemphigus?
autoimmune blistering disease of skin and mucosal membranes
113
what is erythema nodosum?
actue inflammatory immune reaction of subcutaneous fat (panniculitis)
114
what could erythema nodosum be caused from?
TB, OC, Lupus, behcets
115
cutaneous lupus erythromatosis is what?
multisystem autoimmune disease involving connective tissue and blood vessels
116
what are the signs of cutaneous lupus erythromatosis?
malar rash (butterfly), palmar erythema on fingertips. nailfold telangiectasia, palpable purpura
117
what is dermatofibromyosis?
autoimmune idopathic inflammatoy myopathy targetting skin or skeletal muscles
118
signs of dermatofibromyosis?
heliotrope, flat topped violacous papules over knuckles, progressive proximal muscle weakness
119
what is heliotrope?
changes oer eyelids and periorbital +/- edema
120
how to treat dermatofibromyosis?
immunosuppressant
121
what are signs of hep c?
jaundice, spider angiomas, palmar erythema, terry's nails, prurutis, purpura
122
what is hep c associated with?
lichen planus
123
why are elderly considered special populations?
loss of elasticity, and subcutaneous tissue, less hydrated, vit D deficient, decreased immunity
124
what infections are typical in immunocomprimised pts?
opportunistic infections (seborrheic dermatitis, fungal infections and cutaneous manifestions),
