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J's ClinMed Deck > Derm2Exam > Flashcards

Derm2Exam Flashcards

1
Q

The borders of cellulitis are ________?

A

not well defined

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2
Q

The borders of erysipelas are ________?

A

sharply defined

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3
Q

clinical presentation of cellulitis

A

erythema, edema and warmth in deeper dermis and subcutaneous fat

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4
Q

clinical presentation of cellulitis

A

erythema, edema and warmth in upper dermis and superficial lymphatics

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5
Q

most common cause of cellulitis?

A

gram positive

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6
Q

most common cause of erysipelas?

A

mostly beta hemolytic strep

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7
Q

treatment of cellulitis/ersyipelas?

A

Elevation, treat underlying condition, antibiotics PO/parenteral

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8
Q

what is impetigo?

A

superficial bacterial infection that looks like honey-crusted lesions

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9
Q

risk factors of impetigo

A

poverty, crowding, poor hygiene, underlying scabies

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10
Q

impetigo sequelae (following)?

A

poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever

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11
Q

impetigo treatment?

A

antibiotics (something that will treat S. aureus and beta-hemolytic strep

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12
Q

erythema marginatum presentation?

A

pink barely raised, non-pruritic rings on trunk and inner surfaces of arms and legs

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13
Q

erythema marginatum possibly related to?

A

rhuematic fever or carditis

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14
Q

tinea corporis presentation?

A

expanding ring like lesions with scaly erythematous advancing raised edge and clear center found on the body aka ring worm

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15
Q

what is the striatum corneum

A

highest level of epidermis (horned layer)

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16
Q

where is the tinea pedis found?

A

on feet

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17
Q

How do you treat tinea corporis/tinea pedis?

A

topical antifungal

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18
Q

how do you treat nail or hair fungal infections?

A

PO antifungal

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19
Q

what is tinea versicolor?

A

chronic hyperpigmented (or less likely, hypopigmented) scaling dermatosis

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20
Q

How do you treat versicolor?

A

one large dose of antifungal.

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21
Q

where is tinea barbae found?

A

in the hair

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22
Q

where is tinea capitis found?

A

on the head

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23
Q

what does tinea capitis look like?

A

hair breaks off at the follicle and leaves a black dot.

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24
Q

what can form if you get tinea capitis?

A

kerion

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25
Q

what is a kerion formed from?

A

a reaction to the fungus tinea capitis

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26
Q

what is a kerion?

A

a boggy elevated tneder nodule (gray patch) with possible cervical lymphadenopathy

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27
Q

what color would the kerion turn if you had a woods light?

A

blue green

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28
Q

what is onychomycosis mainly caused by in the toenails?

A

mostly dermophytes

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29
Q

what is onychomycosis mainly caused by in the fingernails?

A

mainly yeast

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30
Q

what are the three types of onychomycosis?

A

distal subungal. proximal subungal and white superficial

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31
Q

what do you suspect if you see a proximal subungal toe

A

HIV

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32
Q

when would you have to treat for nail fungus?

A

if its a fingernail,symoptomatic, peripheral neuropathy or diabetes

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33
Q

what is paronychia?

A

inflammation of lateral and posterior nail folds

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34
Q

how do you treat paronychia?

A

ora antibiotics and topical anti-staph. also if abcess I&D and oral antibiotics

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35
Q

what are the different stages of hair growth?

A

anagen, catagen and telegen

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36
Q

what is anagen?

A

where your hair starts to grow and is growing

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37
Q

what is catagen?

A

the in between phase of anagen and telegen

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38
Q

what is telegen?

A

hair is a the end of its life and closer to the skin so it falls out easier

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39
Q

what are some non-scarring types of alopecia?

A

alopecia areata, pattern alopecia, telegen effuvium and trichotillomania

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40
Q

alopecia areata

A

autoimmune inflammatory with very smooth patches with short fractures hair at edges

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41
Q

types of alopecia areata

A

totalis and universalis

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42
Q

what is totalis

A

alopecia areata on the entire head

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43
Q

what is universalis?

A

alopecia areata on the whole body

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44
Q

treatment of alopecia areata?

A

refer to derm for intralesional corticosteroid and immunomodulator

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45
Q

what is pattern alopecia?

A

androgenic alopecia that results in hair thinning on crown or recession at the temples

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46
Q

pattern alopecia in women?

A

frontal hair is preserved but there is a wider part anteriorly

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47
Q

Treatment of pattern alopecia?

A

shorten the telogen phase (minoxidil), in women use oral anti-androgens

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48
Q

If a woman presents with pattern alopecia and has other abnormal excessive hair growth what should you test her for?

A

hirsuitism

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49
Q

what is telegen effuvium

A

non-inflammatory diffuse hair loss usually following an illness or injury

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50
Q

what is trichotillomania?

A

people pulling their hair out. you can usually see hair growing back in

51
Q

what are some of the scarring alopecias?

A

chemical, physical trauma, bacterial or fungal infection, sever herpes zoster in opthalmic branch, chronic discoid lupus

52
Q

Herpes simplex clinical presentation

A

cluster of pink papules that become vesicular

53
Q

herpes simplex symptoms

A

painful ulcers with prodromal stage

54
Q

how is herpes simplex transferred?

A

via oral secretions or herpetic lesions

55
Q

what are the primary infection symptoms of herpes simplex?

A

10-14 days fever, lymphadenopathy and pain

56
Q

what are some of the herpes simplex triggers?

A

UV light, fatigue, trauma, laser or immunosuppression

57
Q

what are some tests to determine if it’s herpes simplex?

A

PCR (pricey btu definitive) or tzanck preparation (look for multinucleated giant cells)

58
Q

what are you looking for in a tzanck preparation?

A

multinucleated giant cells

59
Q

how can you tell the difference between herpes simplex ulcer and syphilis?

A

syphilis ulcer is not painful

60
Q

herpes zoster transmission?

A

aerolized or direct contact

61
Q

herpes zoster clinical presentation

A

prodrome (fever, malaise, pharyngitis, loss of appetite)

62
Q

complications of herpes zoster

A

neurological –> encephaliits and reye syndrome** don’t give kids aspirin, pneumonia and infections

63
Q

what is reye syndrome associated with?

A

Its a complication of herpes zoster and aspirin in children

64
Q

what are the important things to remember about the herpes zoster vaccine?

A

it’s live so don’t give to pregnant women, cancer or HIV pts

65
Q

what are the clinical features of herpes zoster?

A

chicken pox** generalized vesicular rash from macules to papules to vesicles to crusted papules

66
Q

reactivation of VZV clinical presentation

A

painful unilateral dermatomal distribution with vesicular rash aka SHINGLES

67
Q

complications of reactivation of VZV

A

zoster ophthalmicus (ophthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve), postherpetic neuralgia, motor neuropathy and meningitis

68
Q

how can you test that it is shingles (reactivation of VZV)

A

tzanck or PCR

69
Q

what are the clinical symptoms of molluscum contagiosum?

A

flesh color dome shaped papules with central core caused by pox virus

70
Q

what are some of the treatments of molluscum contagiosum?

A

I’m pretty sure you don’t do anything. they willl just go away eventually

71
Q

what are some of the treatments of common warts?

A

observe, liquid nitro, salicylic acid, duck tape, snip or shave

72
Q

what is a persistent infection of anogenital warts possibly?

A

SCC

73
Q

how to treat anogenital warts?

A

keep genitals dry, clean and use condoms or chemical,physcial destruction, immunologic or surgical

74
Q

what is acanthosis nigricans?

A

benign hypertrophic dark plaques in flexural and intertriginous areas) skin disease underlying medical condition (typically obesity and insulin resistance)

75
Q

how to treat acanthosis nigricans?

A

treat underlying condition first and skin will fix naturally

76
Q

what is melasma?

A

skin hyperpigmentation, malar, central face and mandibular

77
Q

how do you treat melasma?

A

bleach, topical retinoids, chemical peels or discontinue OC or give birth and it will go away

78
Q

what is melasma caused by>

A

typically OC or pregnancy

79
Q

what is vitiligo?

A

autoimmune depigmentation of the skin, slowly enlarging macules

80
Q

how to treat vitiligo?

A

repigmentation, make up or staining

81
Q

what is vitiligo associated with?

A

hashimoto, grves, diabetes pernicious anemia, rheumatoid arthritis

82
Q

what is it if a woods lamp turns something blue green

A

fungal

83
Q

what is it if a woods lamp turns something coral red?

A

bacterial

84
Q

what are the 3 main features of hidradenitis suppurtiva?

A

blind boil, bilateral involvement, relapses and chonicity

85
Q

what is hidradenitis suppurtiva?

A

inflammatory noduels, abcesses and sinusus with scarring mostly in intertriginous areas

86
Q

what is the treatment of hidradenitis suppurtiva?

A

nroe cure, just control

87
Q

what are the Hurley stages?

A

o 1. Abcess without sinus tract or scarring
o 2. Recurrent tract formations and scarring
o 3. Diffuse and interconnected tracts

88
Q

what is a precursor of SCC?

A

actinic keratosis, scar, chronic ulcer

89
Q

what are the ABCDE

A

asymmetry, border irregularities, color variation, diameter greater than 6mm, evolution of color change

90
Q

what is leser trelat sign?

A

explosive onset of multiple seborrheic keratoses significant of GI malignancy

91
Q

what is the treatment of actinic karatosis

A

depends on size and location. liquid nitro, surgical or prevention

92
Q

wht are the clinical symptoms of scabies?

A

intensly pruritic, vesicles or nodules with excoriation and crusting

93
Q

treatment of scabies?

A

permethrin cream

94
Q

what are the clinical symptoms of brown recluse?

A

infarction of the skin, sinking macule, extension into muscle

95
Q

black widow clinical symptoms?

A

neurologic overstimulation

96
Q

treatment of black widow and brown recluse?

A

diazepam

97
Q

how are pediculosis transferred?

A

lice go from fomite to fomite, no jumping

98
Q

how is pediculosis treated?

A

lice are treated with permethrin cream

99
Q

what are the clinical sings of bedbugs?

A

three bites in a row

100
Q

what are the clinical signs of chiggers?

A

intense itching around sock and pant line

101
Q

what is lipoma?

A

benign adipose tumor

102
Q

what is liverdo reticularis?

A

mottled builish discoloration of skin

103
Q

secondary liverdo reticularis is indicitive of?

A

serious disease. vasuclar obstructoin viscositiy changes, drugs

104
Q

idiopathic liverdo reticularis

A

netlike patterm that discoor after warming

105
Q

purpura clinical presentation

A

bleeding under skin or mucousal membrane does not blanch. petichiae or ecchymosis

106
Q

what are xanthomas?

A

macuels, papules plaques, nodules or infiltrations in tendons. check cholesterol.

107
Q

where is tuberous xanthoma found?

A

elbow and knees

108
Q

where is tendinous xanthoma found?

A

achilles

109
Q

what is xanthelasma?

A

polygonal papules and plaques in upper and lower eye lids

110
Q

where is phemphigus follaceous?

A

confined to the skin

111
Q

where is Pemphigus vulgaris and paraneoplastic pemphigus

A

involves skin and mucosal surfaces. associated with malignancy, non-hodgkins lymphoma

112
Q

what is pemphigus?

A

autoimmune blistering disease of skin and mucosal membranes

113
Q

what is erythema nodosum?

A

actue inflammatory immune reaction of subcutaneous fat (panniculitis)

114
Q

what could erythema nodosum be caused from?

A

TB, OC, Lupus, behcets

115
Q

cutaneous lupus erythromatosis is what?

A

multisystem autoimmune disease involving connective tissue and blood vessels

116
Q

what are the signs of cutaneous lupus erythromatosis?

A

malar rash (butterfly), palmar erythema on fingertips. nailfold telangiectasia, palpable purpura

117
Q

what is dermatofibromyosis?

A

autoimmune idopathic inflammatoy myopathy targetting skin or skeletal muscles

118
Q

signs of dermatofibromyosis?

A

heliotrope, flat topped violacous papules over knuckles, progressive proximal muscle weakness

119
Q

what is heliotrope?

A

changes oer eyelids and periorbital +/- edema

120
Q

how to treat dermatofibromyosis?

A

immunosuppressant

121
Q

what are signs of hep c?

A

jaundice, spider angiomas, palmar erythema, terry’s nails, prurutis, purpura

122
Q

what is hep c associated with?

A

lichen planus

123
Q

why are elderly considered special populations?

A

loss of elasticity, and subcutaneous tissue, less hydrated, vit D deficient, decreased immunity

124
Q

what infections are typical in immunocomprimised pts?

A

opportunistic infections (seborrheic dermatitis, fungal infections and cutaneous manifestions),

J's ClinMed Deck (12 decks)

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