DERM PATH Flashcards

1
Q

CAUSES OF DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES.. DUE TO IN UTERO INFECTION

A
BVDV 
BLUETONGUE  
AKABANE 
PANLEUKOPENIA 
CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER
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2
Q

STERILE GRANULOMATOUS DERMATITIS

A

CHRONIC PROCESS- NAG

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3
Q

PYODERMA

A

MEANS PUS IN THE SKIN
ET: OFTEN STAPHYLOCOCCUS
COMMON IN DOGS
SUPERFICIAL = EPIDERMIS AND HAIR FOLLICLES INFECTED (FOLLICULITIS)
DEEP= DEEP DERMIS- BACTERIAL FURUNCULOSIS- RUPTURED HAIR FOLLICLE, NEUTROPHILIC RESPONSE

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4
Q

WHAT IS A PLAQUE

A

COALESCED PAPULES

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5
Q

FIRST DEGREE THERMAL BURN

A

EPIDERMIS
COMPLETE HEALING
REDDENED DARKENED, NECROTIC EPIDERMIS

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6
Q

WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF SCALE

A

DISORDERS OF KERATINIZATION

CHRONIC DERMATITIS

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7
Q

URTICARIA

A

HIVES- SKIN BUMPS DUE TO HYPERSENSITIVITY

= MAST CELL DEGRANULATION

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8
Q

DDX FOR CRUSTY LAMBS

A

PHOTOSENSITIZATION
DERMATOPHILUS
VIRAL INFECTION- ORF* BLUETONGUE VESICULAR DISEASES

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9
Q

DERMATOPHILOSIS

A

ET: DERMATOPHILUS CONGOLENSIS
LESIONS ON BACK OR EXTREMITIES
CS: PUSTULES, EXUDATE, MATTING OF HAIR/WOOL, ALOPECIA
PREDISPOSING FACTORS- WET WEATHER, HUMID CLIMATES
CYTOLOGY WILL LOOK LIKE TRAINTRACKS

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10
Q

INTERFACE

A

AUTOIMMUNE

  1. PEMPHIGUS FOLIACEUS
  2. DISCOID LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

LEUKOCYTES AT THE INTERFACE BETWEEN DERMIS AND EPIDERMIS

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11
Q

THIRD DEGREE THERMAL BURN

A

FULL THICKNESS EPIDERMIS +/- SUBCUTIS
SLOUGHING OF NECROTIC TISSUE FOLLOWED BY GRANULATION
SCAR
LIFE THREATENING

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12
Q

EOSINOPHILIC DERMATITIS

A

ALLERGIES

HYPERSENSITIVITY

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13
Q

ATOPIC DERMATITIS

A
MOST COMMON
TYPE 1 HYPERSENSITIVITY 
DIAGNOSED WITH INTRADERMAL SKIN TESTING 
CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH OTITIS EXTERNA 
ENVIRONMENTAL AND INHALED ALLERGENS
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14
Q

HISTIOCYTOMA

A

DOGS
HEAD, EARS, NECK, LEGS
ROUND CELLS
BENIGN

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15
Q

PEMPHIGUS FOLIACEUS

A
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE 
TYPE 2 HYPERSENSITIVITY 
HORSES, DOGS, CATS, GOATS 
DISTRIBUTION- FACE, EARS, FEET, NAIL BEDS 
CS: VESICLES, PUSTULES, CRUSTS, ULCERS
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16
Q

DEMODICOSIS

A
ET: DEMODEX MITE 
USUALLY YOUNG DOGS ON FACE AND LEGS
SELF LIMITING 
EOSINOPHILIC RXN BECAUSE PARASITES 
CS: ALOPECIA, ERYTHEMA, DOES NOT CAUSE PRURITIS
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17
Q

EQUINE SARCOID

A

COMMON IN YOUNG ADULT HORSES

ET: BOVINE PAPILLOMA VIRUS

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18
Q

LATE DERMATITIS SIGNS

A

SCALING, CHANGE IN OILINESS, ULCERATION, ALOPECIA, LICHENIFICATION, PIGMENT CHANGE, FIBROSIS AND SCARRING

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19
Q

ERYTHEMAE MULTIFORMAE IS WHAT TYPE OF HYPERSENSITIVITY?

A

TYPE 4

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20
Q

SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

A

ET: SOLAR INJURY, CHRONIC INJURY
POORLY PIGMENTED SKIN
WART LIKE (VERRUCOUS)
COMMON ON EAR TIPS, EYELIDS, FACE

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21
Q

MELANIN- HYPERPIGMENTATION

A

HYPERMELANOSIS, INCREASE IN MELANIN PRODUCTION

ET: ENDOCRINE- CUSHINGS, HYPOTHYROID, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, FLEA ALLERGY

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22
Q

MELANIN- HYPOPIGMENTATION

A
HYPOMELANOSIS 
VITILIGO 
COPPER DEFICIENCY 
AUTOIMMUNE 
PIEBALDISM 
ALBINISM
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23
Q

IS ERYTHEMA MULTIFORMAE OR TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROSIS MORE SEVERE WHY?

A

EM- MILDER
SINGLE CELL APOPTOSIS

TEN- MORE SEVERE
SHEETS OF APOPTOSIS/NECROTIC CELLS (RESEMBLES A BURN)

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24
Q

ACANTHOSIS

A

INCREASED THICKNESS OF STRATUM BASALE AND SPINOSUM

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25
Q

HYPOTRICHOSIS

A

LESS HAIR THAN NORMAL
HEREDITARY
CAN BE DUE TO BVDV IN UTERO

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26
Q

IMPETIGO

A

SUPERFICIAL PUSUTLAR DERMATITIS
=PUPPY PYODERMA
LOCATION: VENTRAL ABDOMEN

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27
Q

HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES THAT LEAD TO VESICLE FORMATION

A

SPONGIOSIS- INTERCELLULAR EDEMA
HYDROPIC DEGENERATION- INTRACELLULAR EDEMA
ACANTHOLYSIS- DISRUPTION OF INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS

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28
Q

CUTANEOUS LYMPHOMA

A

AGGRESSIVE POOR PROGNOSIS

T CELLS TUMOR IN SKIN

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29
Q

CHEMICALS THAT CAUSE BILIARY OBSTRUCTION

A

RED LANTANA
TRIBULUS, PANCIUM
SPORODESMIN
HEPATOTOXINS SUCH AS AFLATOXIN

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30
Q

PALPABLE ELEVATION FILLED WITH CLEAR FLUID

A

VESICLE <1CM
BULLA >1CM

PATH= DEGENERATION AND NECROSIS, INFLAMMATION AND REPAIR

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31
Q

WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF CRUSTS

A

DISORDERS OF KERATINIZATION
SEVERE PUSTULAR DERMATITIS
SECONDARY TO ULCERS

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32
Q

WHEALS

A

ELEVATED IRREGULAR SHAPE
CUTANENOUS EDEMA
OFTEN FLAT SURFACE

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33
Q

WHAT TO DO WHEN COLLECTING A BIOPSY

A

BIOPSY BEFORE TREATMENT
BE GENTLE
COLLECT MULTIPLE SAMPLES TO INCLUDE RANGE OF TISSUE
INCLUDE CRUSTS

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34
Q

SECONDARY SEBORRHEA DUE TO

A

ENDOCRINE IMBALANCE OR CHRONIC DERMATITIS

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35
Q

BREEDS PRONE TO PRIMARY IDIOPATHIC SEBORRHEA

A

COCKERS SPRINGERS WESTIES

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36
Q

WHAT NOT TO DO WHEN COLLECTING A BIOPSY

A

SURGICALLY PREP THE SITE
GRASP WITH FORCEPS
BIOPSY THE CENTER OF A LESION
HOLD OUT ON HISTORY OR DDX

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37
Q

PRIMARY PHOTOSENSITIZATION TYPE 2

A

INTRINSIC

CAUSE- PORPHYRIA

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38
Q

LIPOMA

A

BENIGN GROWTH

LOOKS LIKE FAT ON HISTO

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39
Q

PAPILLOMAS

A

ET PAPILLOMA VIRUS
CAULIFLOWER LIKE
BENIGN GROWTHS
CAN REGRESS

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40
Q

SEBACEOUS ADENOMA

A

BENIGN GROWTH IN DOGS

WHITE, YELLOW, GREASY, LUMPY

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41
Q

INFECTIOUS GRANULOMATOUS DERMATITIS

A

SWAMP CANCER- FUNGAL DERMATITIS- PHYTHIUM INSIDIUM
ACTINOMYCES, NOCARDIA
MYCOBACTERIAL DERMATITIS= FELINE LEPROSY= MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAEMURIUM

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42
Q

CALLUS

A

OCCURS ON AREAS OF FRICTION IE ELBOWS

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43
Q

DEGENERATION AND NECROSIS OF THE SKIN

A

TENDS TO ULCERATE
BECOMES INFLAMM AND REPAIR OVER TIME
PRIMARY CIRCULATORY DISORDERS TEND TO CAUSE

44
Q

CALCINOSIS CUTIS

A

ASSOCIATED WITH CUSHINGS

WHITE, GRITTY PLAQUES AND NODULES

45
Q

COLLAGEN DYSPLASIA

A

COLLAGEN HAS UNDERGONE DYSPLASIA—> DISORGANIZATION, CHANGE IN SHAPE /SIZE
SKIN IS VERY ELASTIC

46
Q

VITILIGO

A

AUTOIMMUNE

MELANOCYTES ARE ATTACKED CAUSING LIGHT COLORED PATCHES

47
Q

2ND DEGREE THERMAL BURN

A

EPIDERMIS AND DERMIS
VESICLE FORMATION
SOME ADNEXA PRESERVED ALLOWED EPIDERMAL REGENERATION AND SOME SCARRING

48
Q

GROSS APPEARANCE OF ALLERGIC SKIN DISEASE

+HISTO FINDINGS

A

SELF INFLICTED TRAUMA, ERYTHEMA, SECONDARY PYODERMA, LICHENIFICATION, SCALING, HYPERPIGMENTATION

LYMPHOCYTIC AND EOSINOPHILIC

49
Q

PIEBALDISM

A

LACK OF MELANOCYTES

50
Q

ALOPECIA

A

ACQUIRED HAIR LOSS
ENDOCRINE DISORDERS- HYPOTHYROID, HYPERADRENOCORTICISM (BILATERAL AND SYMMETRICAL)
SELF TRAUMA OR OVERGROOMING
AUTOIMMUNE
POOR NUTRITION
ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERPIGMENTATION AND HYPERKERATOSIS

51
Q

DEPIGMENTATION IS _____ MEDIATED

A

IMMUNE

52
Q

PHOTOSENSITIZATION

A

EPIDERMAL NECROSIS OF LIGHTLY PIGMENTED SPARSELY HAIRED SKIN

53
Q

CUTANEOUS SOFT TISSUE SARCOMA

A
COMMON IN DOGS 
SPINDLE CELL TUMORS 
LOCALLY INVASIVE 
SLOW TO METASTASIZE 
REMOVE IT!
54
Q

MUCINOSIS

A

MUCIN NORMALLY IN DERMIS—> THICKENED GELATINOUS SKIN

SKIN IS FRAGILE- MORE PRONE TO PYODERMA

55
Q

ERYTHEMA MULTIFORMAE / TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROSIS

A

WIDESPREAD COALESCING OF ERYTHEMATOUS MACULES LEADING TO VESICLES AND ULCERS

HYPERSENSITIVITY LEADS TO APOPTOSIS OF KERATINOCYTES

56
Q

PALPABLE, SOLID, ELEVATED MASS

A

PAPULE <1CM
NODULE >1CM

PATH PROCESS- INFLAMMATION AND REPAIR, DISORDER OF GROWTH, DEGENERATION AND NECROSIS

57
Q

MDX OF SKIN =

A

________ DERMATITIS

58
Q

EPITHELIOGENESIS IMPERFECTA

A

EPITHELIUM DOES NOT FORM AT ALL

ALWAYS A FATAL CONDITION

59
Q

FROSTBITE

A

DRY GANGRENE NECROSIS DUE TO EXTREME COLD
VASCOCONSTRICTION-ENDOTHELIAL DAMAGE- THROMBOSIS- INFARCTION
DISTRIBUTION- TIPS OF EARS, NOE, TOES, TAIL
PORTAL FOR SEPTICEMIA
SHARP DEMARCATION

60
Q

CONTACT DERMATITIS

A

TYPE 4 HYPERSENSITIVITY

OFTEN SEEN IN POORLY HAIRED AREAS

61
Q

ALBINISM

A

UNABLE TO SYNTHESIZE MELANIN

62
Q

CALCINOSIS CIRCUMSCRIPTA

A

YOUNG, FAST GROWING, LARGE BREED DOGS

OFTEN ON PRESSURE POINTS OR PREVIOUS INJURY

63
Q

ACRAL LICK DERMATITIS

A

NOT A TRUE GRANULOMA

=DERMAL FIBROSIS, HYPERPLASIA

64
Q

EXUDATIVE DERMATITIS

A

=GREASY PIG DISEASE
ET: STAPHYLOCOCCUS HYICUS
CS: ERYTHEMA, PUSTULES, CRUSTS
PREDISPOSING FACTORS: POOR NUTRITION, POOR HYGIENE, LESIONS, LACERATIONS

65
Q

MAST CELL TUMOR

A

IN DOGS- CAN BE MALIGNANT
CATS/HORSES- BENIGN

EOSINOPHILIC

66
Q

PALPABLE ELEVATION FILLED WITH PUS

A

PUSTULE

PATH= INFLAMMATION AND REPAIR

CAUSE= LEUKOCYTE INFILTRATE

67
Q

VESICULAR DISEASES

A

VIRAL OR AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
REPORTABLE
ET: HERPESVIRUS, POXVIRUS, FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE, VESICULAR STOMATITIS VIRUS, SWINE VESICULAR DISEASE, VESICULAR EXANTHEMA OF SWINE

68
Q

ZINC RESPONSIVE DERMATOSIS

A

DEFECT IN ZINC ABSORPTION

ARTIC BREEDS- HUSKIES AND MALAMUTES

69
Q

ALLERGY SKIN DISEASE CAUSES (4)

A

ATOPY
FOOD ALLERGY
CONTACT HYPERSENSITIVITY
INSECT BITE HYPERSENSITIVITY

70
Q

ACUTE DERMAL NECROSIS/ CHRONICALLY LOCALLY EXTENSIVE CUTANEOUS ULCER

A

SOLAR INJURY

CAUSES ERYTHEMA.. VESICLES… SLOUGHING OF NECROTIC SKIN

71
Q

COMMON HEMORRHAGES OF SKIN

A

PETECHIAE

ECCHYMOSIS

72
Q

CAUSES OF VESICLES

A

AUTOIMMUNE DERMATOSIS, VIRAL INFECTIONS*, CHEMICAL IRRITANTS, BURNS

73
Q

MDX FOR CHRONIC SUN EXPOSURE

A

EPIDERMAL HYPERPLASIA

DERMAL FIBROSIS AND ELASTOSIS

74
Q

SECONDARY PHOTOSENSITIZATION

A
TYPE 3 
HEPATOGENOUS 
POOR HEPATIC CLEARANCE OF PHYLLOERYTHRIN= RUMINAL DIGESTION OF CHLOROPHYLL 
LEADS TO BILIARY OBSTRUCTION
*****IN CATTLE ONLY ***
75
Q

LICHENIFICATION

A

THICKENING AND HARDENING OF THE SKIN

CAUSE- CHRONIC IRRITATION AND INFLAMMATION

PATH PROCESS- INFLAMMATION AND REPAIR

76
Q

SUPPURATIVE/PUSTULAR/EXUDATIVE/ NEUTROHILIC DERMATITIS

A

BACTERIA OR AUTOIMMUNE

77
Q

DERMATOPHYTOSIS

A

RINGWORM
ET: EPIDERMOPHYTON, MICROSPORUM, TRICHOPHYTON
SELF LIMITING IN HEALTHY ANIMALS
COMMON IN TROPICS DUE TO MOISTURE AND HEAT
FUNGUS LIVES IN KERATIN

78
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF CANINE INTEGUMENT

A

THIN STRATUM CORNEUM
LACK OF LIPID SEAL OF HAIR FOLLICLES
HIGH SKIN PH

79
Q

EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMAS

A

MILIARY DERMATITIS IN CATS- SMALL PAPULES IN CLUSTERS

EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMA COMPLEX IN CATS- USUALLY ON FACE, MOUTH, OR ABDOMEN

SUMMER SORES- LARVAL MIGRATION OF HABRONEMA OR DRASCHIA MEGASTOMA

80
Q

PURPURA HEMORRHAGICA

A

TYPE 3 HYPERSENSITIVITY
IMMUNE MEDIATED VASCULITIS
ET: STREPTOCOCCUS EQUI SUBSP EQUI
CAUSES ECCHYMOTIC HEMORRHAGES

81
Q

WHAT VESICULAR DISEASE DO HORSES GET?

A

VESICULAR STOMATITIS VIRUS

82
Q

CHRONIC UV EXPOSURE LEADS TO:

A

SOLAR/ACTINIC KERATOSIS

INCREASED RISK OF NEOPLASIA

83
Q

CAUSES OF DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES.. IN UTERO EXPOSURE ..

A

TERATOGENS
TOXIC PLANTS
GRISEOFULVIN

84
Q

PYOTRAUMATIC DERMATITIS

A

= HOT SPOTS
SELF TRAUMA THAT LEADS TO BACTERIAL INFECTION
ALLERGIC DERMATITIS (ESP FLEA ALLERGY DERMATITIS)

85
Q

PUSTULES/CRUST SHOWS THAT THERE IS A ______ COMPONENT

A

INFLAMMATORY

86
Q

EARLY DERMATITIS SIGNS

A

EDEMA
ERYTHEMA
+/- PUSTULES, CRUST, VESICLES

87
Q

SARCOPTIC MANGE

A

ET SARCOPTES SCABEI

ZOONOTIC

88
Q

PROLIFERATIVE DERMATITIS

A

VIRAL!!!!!
GROSS: PAPULES, PROLIFERATION, CRUSTS
HISTO: LEUKOCYTES, INTRACELLULAR EDEMA WITH INCLUSION BODIES
ORF!!! =CONTAGIOUS ECTHYMA

89
Q

EPIDERMAL COLLARETTE

A

CIRCULAR RIM OF SCALE THAT OCCURS SECONDARY TO RUPTURE OF VESICLE, PAPULE, OR PUSTULE

90
Q

CHEMICAL BURNS

A

CAUSED BY
BODY-WOUND SECRETIONS
DRUG APPLICATION
EXPOSURE TO ACIDS, DETERGENTS, ALKALIES, SOAPS, IRRITANT PLANTS

MAY HAVE LESIONS IN MOUTH/GIT IF INGESTED **

91
Q

CAUSES OF ULCERS

A

EPIDERMAL NECROSIS
INFLAMMATION
INFARCTION
NEOPLASIA

92
Q

DRIED EXUDATE- SERUM, BLOOD, SCALE THAT IS ADHERED TO SKIN SURFACE

A

CRUST

PATH= DEGENERATION AND NECROSIS, INFLAMMATION AND REPAIR, DISORDER OF GROWTH

93
Q

EPIDERMAL HYPERPLASIA CAN BE EITHER ______ OR ________

A

ACANTHOSIS

HYPERKERATOSIS

94
Q

INFARCTS OF SKIN

A

SHARPLY DEMARCATED AND GEOMETRICAL

ET: ERYSIPELOTHRIX RHUSIOPATHIAE= DIAMOND SKIN DISEASE 
SEPTICEMIA 
EDEMA DISEASE ECOLI 
PURPURA HEMORRHAGICA 
SNAKE BITE 
FROSTBITE
95
Q

PRIMARY PHOTOSENSIZATION TYPE 1

A

EXOGENOUS
CAUSES-
DRUGS OR PLANTS CONTAINING PHOTOSENSITIVE CHEMICALS
ST. JOHNS WART, LUCERNE, PERENNIAL RYEGRASS

96
Q

HEMANGIOMA/SARCOMA

A

ET: SOLAR RADIATION
VISCERAL&raquo_space; MALIGNANT THAN SKIN
VASCULAR DAMAGE TO SKIN

97
Q

CAUSES OF PAPULES

A

INFILTRATE OF INFLAMMATORY CELLS
INFILTRATE OF NEOPLASTIC CELLS
EPIDERMAL HYPERPLASIA
DEPOSIT OF MINERAL

98
Q

IDIOPATHIC STERILE GRANULOMA SYNDROME

A

PUPPY STRANGLES

JUVENILE STERILE GRANULOMATOUS DERMATITIS

99
Q

HYPERKERATOSIS

A

INCREASED THICKNESS OF STRATUM CORNEUM

DRY FORM- SCALING, DRY, WHITE FLAKES
GREASY FORM- SEBACEOUS GLANDS OVER PRODUCE

100
Q

INTERTRIGO

A

SKIN FOLD PYODERMA

PREDISPOSITION= SKIN FOLD BREEDS (THINK BULLDOG WRINKLES)

101
Q

CHEMICAL BURN CAUSE IN ST KITTS

A

MANCHINEEL TREE!

102
Q

ICHTHYOSIS

A

KERATINOCYTES DO NOT SLOUGH CORRECTLY

SKIN LOOKS LIKE FISH SCALES

103
Q

INSECT BITE HYPERSENSITIVITY

A

TYPE 1 AND TYPE 4 HYPERSENSITIVITY
CULICOIDES, FLEAS, MOSQUITOS
USUALLY ON BASE OF TAIL AND NOSE

104
Q

ACCUMULATION OF LOOSE KERATINIZED CELLS

A

SCALE

PATH - INFLAMMATION/REPAIR , DISORDER OF GROWTH

105
Q

MELANOMA WHERE IS IT BENIGN? WHERE IS IT MALIGNANT?

A

MALIGNANT- MUCOUS MEMBRANES, ORAL CAVITY, DIGITS

BENIGN- SKIN

106
Q

LOSS OF EPIDERMIS WITH EXPOSURE OF DERMIS

A

ULCER

PATH- DEGENERATION/NECROSIS, INFLAMMATION/REPAIR, CIRCULATORY DISORDER, DISORDER OF GROWTH