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Veterinary School- Third Year > Derm Parasites- Midterm Material (653) > Flashcards

Derm Parasites- Midterm Material (653) Flashcards

1
Q

When a patient presents with pruritus, what are the 3 steps of evaluation?

A

1) rule out ectoparasites FIRST
2) rule out bacteria/fungi
3) consider allergies

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2
Q

DDX for folliculitis in dogs:

A

1) bacterial (Staph.)
2) demodicosis
3) dermatophytosis

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3
Q

DDX for folliculitis in cats:

A

1) dermatophytosis
2) bacterial (Staph.)
3) demodicosis

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4
Q

What is the minimum dermatologic database?

A

cytology, skin scrape, trichogram

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5
Q

Most common flea of domestic small animals scientific name:

A

Ctenocephalides felis

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6
Q

What is the principle host of C. felis?

A

cats

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7
Q

C. felis life cycle:

A

eggs -> larvae (feed on flea dirt) -> pupae (remain until appropriate host is present- sensitive to CO2, warmth, and shadow/light change) -> adult (require blood meal to reproduce- only life stage on the host)

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8
Q

Diseases transmitted by C. felis:

A

bartonella, Diplydium caninum, Borrelia burgdephori (?)

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9
Q

Clinical signs of flea infestation:

A

pruritus*, multiple pets in home affected, pyotraumatic dermatitis (hot spots)

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10
Q

DX for C. felis (flea infestation):

A

flea comb -> live fleas, flea dirt (smear to see if it looks like blood)

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11
Q

TX for flea infestation:

A

treat ALL pets in home, adulticide +/- growth regulator (adulticide not enough to stop a true infestation if it takes too long to kill)

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12
Q

Capstar:

A

nitenpyram
kills ADULT fleas only in 30 minutes
must be given every 1-2 days -> not ideal for long term, usually only used in clinic

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13
Q

Fipronil:

A

Frontline, etc.
kills adults in 12-18 hours, treats ticks and chewing lice
RESISTANCE
fipronil + S-methoprene (frontline plus) -> killls adults and prevents larvae development

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14
Q

Imidocloprid:

A

kills adults in 12-24 hr.
TOXIC TO BIRDS
Advantix (imidocloprid + permethrin + pyriproxifen) = TOXIC TO CATS

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15
Q

Isoxazolines:

A

RAPID KILL (2-8 hr)
fleas, ticks, mites, lice, ear mites
seizure risk
Bravecto, Simparica, Nexgard, Credelio

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16
Q

Sentinel:

A

lufenuron + milbemycin oxime
prevents larvae development but DOES NOT kill adult fleas!
NOT APPROPRIATE FOR FLEA INFESTATION OR ALLERGIES

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17
Q

Vectra 3D:

A

dinitefuran + pyriproxyfen + permethrin
TOXIC TO CATS
repels fleas, mosquitoes, biting flies and kills fleas, ticks, and lice
associated with pemphigus foliaceus in dogs

18
Q

Adverse effects of permethrin in cats:

A

ataxia, tremors, twitching, seizures

19
Q

Which superficial mites affect dogs?

A

Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis

20
Q

Where do the S. scabiei mites burrow?

A

epidermis (stratum corneum)

21
Q

Reservoir host of S. scabiei mites:

A

foxes

22
Q

Transmission of S. scabiei:

A

direct contact, fomites

23
Q

What superficial mites infect cats?

A

Notoedres cati

24
Q

Which superficial mites are zoonotic?

A

both S. scabiei and N. cati BUT they cannot reproduce in humans

25
Q

Clinical signs of scabies:

A

PRURITUS, initial response to anti-pruritics but later worsens
acute = erythema, papules, excoriations
chronic = type IV hypersensitivity, yellow crust, hyperkeratosis

26
Q

Distribution of lesions for scabies:

A

dogs: pinna, lateral elbows, lateral hocks, ventrum
cats: pinna, head and neck

27
Q

Pinnal-pedal response:

A

test for scabies infection
rub the ear pinnae -> dog lifts leg as if to scratch

28
Q

DX for scabies:

A

superficial skin scraping (< 50% chance of finding mites- treat empirically)
pick area with scale but not excoriated

29
Q

TX for scabies:

A

treat pruritus (steroids) and secondary infections, isoxazolines

30
Q

Which deep mites infect dogs?

A

Demodex canis
Demodex injai

31
Q

How is D. canis transmitted?

A

from dams while nursing

32
Q

Distribution of D. canis lesions:

A

rostral muzzle, periocular, paws

33
Q

Clinical signs of D. canis infestation:

A

folliculitis (alopecia), comedomes, NO PRURITUS, inflammation

34
Q

What breed may be predisposed to D. injai infection?

A

fox terriers

35
Q

Differences between D. canis and D. injai morphology:

A

D. injai is longer and only has 3 pairs of ventral scutes (4 in D. canis)

36
Q

Clinical signs of D. injai infection:

A

greasy skin, alopecia, scale

37
Q

Which deep mites affects only cats?

A

Demodex cati
Demodex gatoi

38
Q

Distribution of lesions with D. cati infections

A

face, neck

39
Q

Clinical signs of D. cati:

A

folliculitis, non-pruritic

40
Q

What is unique about D. gatoi?

A

PRURITIC, CONTAGIOUS, very small morphologically

41
Q

DX for demodicosis:

A

deep skin scraping in areas of alopecia and comedomes

Veterinary School- Third Year (3 decks)

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