Derm - Bates

Question 1

What are the three layers of the skin?

Answer 1

1) epidermis
2) dermis
3) subcutaneous tissue

Question 2

Name the two layers of the epidermis

Answer 2

1) Stratum corneum

2) Cellular layer (which is made up of the stratum basale and the stratum spinosum)

Question 3

Subcutaneous tissue is also known as what?

Answer 3

Adipose tissue or fat

Question 4

What are the four pigments that give skin it’s color?

Answer 4

1) melanin
2) carotene
3) oxyhemoglobin
4) deoxyhemoglobin

Question 5

What is the name of the brown pigment of the skin that is genetically determined?

Answer 5

Melanin

Question 6

What is the name of the gold pigment of the skin that exists in subcutaneous fat?

Answer 6

Carotene

Question 7

What is the name of a bluish cast to the skin caused by an increase in scattered light reflected back through the layers of the skin?

Answer 7

Cyanosis

Question 8

What is the term for short, fine, inconspicuous hair that is relatively unpigmented?

Answer 8

Vellus hair

Question 9

What is the term for coarser, thicker, pigmented hair?

Answer 9

Terminal hair (scalp, eyebrows)

Question 10

What is the term for the firm, rectangular part of the nail?

Answer 10

Nail plate

Question 11

To what is the nail plate attached?

Answer 11

Nail bed

Question 12

What is the whitish moon of the nail called?

Answer 12

Lunula

Question 13

What is the part of the nail covered by the proximal nail fold?

Answer 13

Nail root

Question 14

What is the skin called on either side of the nail?

Answer 14

Lateral nail folds

Question 15

What glands are located on all skin surfaces except the palms and soles?

Answer 15

Sebaceous glands

Question 16

What are the two types of sweat glands?

Answer 16

1) Eccrine

2) Apocrine

Question 17

Which of the sweat glands are widely-distributed, open directly to the skin surface, and help to control temperature?

Answer 17

Eccrine

Question 18

Which of the sweat glands are found primarily in axillary and genital regions and open into hair follicles?

Answer 18

Apocrine

Question 19

Which sweat glands are responsible for body odor?

Answer 19

Apocrine

Question 20

What are the skin cancers that usually arise in sun-exposed areas?

Answer 20

1) basal cell

2) squamous cell

Question 21

What skin cancer often occurs on non-exposed areas of the skin that are subject to intermittent sunburn?

Answer 21

Melanoma

Question 22

80% of skin cancers are this type

Answer 22

basal cell carcinoma

Question 23

This type of skin cancer appears as pearly erythematous translucent papules or red macules

Answer 23

Basal cell

Question 24

16% of skin cancers are this type

Answer 24

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 25

This type of skin cancer appears as a crusted hyperkeratotic lesion or a flat reddish ulcerated patch

Answer 25

Squamous cell

Question 26

This type of skin cancer only accounts for 4%-5% but is the most lethal causing 80% of all deaths from skin cancer

Answer 26

Melanoma

Question 27

What is the name of the melanoma risk model?

Answer 27

HARMM

Question 28

What does HARMM stand for?

Answer 28

``` History of previous melanoma Age over 50 Regular dermatologist absent Mole changing Male gender ```

Question 29

What are the common types of nevi?

Answer 29

1) junctional - typically brown macules 2) intradermal - typically skin-colored papules 3) compound - typically brown macules

Question 30

List the ABCDEs for recognition of melanoma

Answer 30

``` Asymmetry (present) Borders (irregular) Color (variegation) Diameter (>6mm) Evolution (change) ```

Question 31

What do you call a mole that looks different than the others?

Answer 31

Ugly Duckling

Question 32

What is a well-established method for viewing skin lesions with a magnifier?

Answer 32

Dermoscopy

Question 33

What does SPF denote?

Answer 33

The number of minutes for treated versus untreated skin to redden when exposed to UVB

Question 34

Where is it best to see oxyhemoglobin levels or pallor?

Answer 34

Fingernails, lips and the mucous membranes

Question 35

Where is it best to identify central cyanosis?

Answer 35

Lips, oral mucosa and the tongue

Question 36

Peripheral cyanosis occurs in ____. Central cyanosis occurs in _____.

Answer 36

Heart failure, COPD or pulmonary edema

Question 37

Carotenemia can be seen in what areas of the skin?

Answer 37

Palms, soles and face

Question 38

Vesicles in a unilateral dermatomal pattern are typical of what?

Answer 38

Herpes zoster

Question 39

What is the term for hair loss?

Answer 39

Alopecia