Derm - Bates Flashcards
What are the three layers of the skin?
1) epidermis
2) dermis
3) subcutaneous tissue
Name the two layers of the epidermis
1) Stratum corneum
2) Cellular layer (which is made up of the stratum basale and the stratum spinosum)
Subcutaneous tissue is also known as what?
Adipose tissue or fat
What are the four pigments that give skin it’s color?
1) melanin
2) carotene
3) oxyhemoglobin
4) deoxyhemoglobin
What is the name of the brown pigment of the skin that is genetically determined?
Melanin
What is the name of the gold pigment of the skin that exists in subcutaneous fat?
Carotene
What is the name of a bluish cast to the skin caused by an increase in scattered light reflected back through the layers of the skin?
Cyanosis
What is the term for short, fine, inconspicuous hair that is relatively unpigmented?
Vellus hair
What is the term for coarser, thicker, pigmented hair?
Terminal hair (scalp, eyebrows)
What is the term for the firm, rectangular part of the nail?
Nail plate
To what is the nail plate attached?
Nail bed
What is the whitish moon of the nail called?
Lunula
What is the part of the nail covered by the proximal nail fold?
Nail root
What is the skin called on either side of the nail?
Lateral nail folds
What glands are located on all skin surfaces except the palms and soles?
Sebaceous glands
What are the two types of sweat glands?
1) Eccrine
2) Apocrine
Which of the sweat glands are widely-distributed, open directly to the skin surface, and help to control temperature?
Eccrine
Which of the sweat glands are found primarily in axillary and genital regions and open into hair follicles?
Apocrine
Which sweat glands are responsible for body odor?
Apocrine
What are the skin cancers that usually arise in sun-exposed areas?
1) basal cell
2) squamous cell
What skin cancer often occurs on non-exposed areas of the skin that are subject to intermittent sunburn?
Melanoma
80% of skin cancers are this type
basal cell carcinoma
This type of skin cancer appears as pearly erythematous translucent papules or red macules
Basal cell
16% of skin cancers are this type
Squamous cell carcinoma
This type of skin cancer appears as a crusted hyperkeratotic lesion or a flat reddish ulcerated patch
Squamous cell
This type of skin cancer only accounts for 4%-5% but is the most lethal causing 80% of all deaths from skin cancer
Melanoma
What is the name of the melanoma risk model?
HARMM
What does HARMM stand for?
History of previous melanoma Age over 50 Regular dermatologist absent Mole changing Male gender
What are the common types of nevi?
1) junctional - typically brown macules
2) intradermal - typically skin-colored papules
3) compound - typically brown macules
List the ABCDEs for recognition of melanoma
Asymmetry (present) Borders (irregular) Color (variegation) Diameter (>6mm) Evolution (change)
What do you call a mole that looks different than the others?
Ugly Duckling
What is a well-established method for viewing skin lesions with a magnifier?
Dermoscopy
What does SPF denote?
The number of minutes for treated versus untreated skin to redden when exposed to UVB
Where is it best to see oxyhemoglobin levels or pallor?
Fingernails, lips and the mucous membranes
Where is it best to identify central cyanosis?
Lips, oral mucosa and the tongue
Peripheral cyanosis occurs in ____. Central cyanosis occurs in _____.
Heart failure, COPD or pulmonary edema
Carotenemia can be seen in what areas of the skin?
Palms, soles and face
Vesicles in a unilateral dermatomal pattern are typical of what?
Herpes zoster
What is the term for hair loss?
Alopecia
