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HA Exam 4 - Wk 13-16 > Derm - Bates > Flashcards

Derm - Bates Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three layers of the skin?

A

1) epidermis
2) dermis
3) subcutaneous tissue

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2
Q

Name the two layers of the epidermis

A

1) Stratum corneum

2) Cellular layer (which is made up of the stratum basale and the stratum spinosum)

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3
Q

Subcutaneous tissue is also known as what?

A

Adipose tissue or fat

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4
Q

What are the four pigments that give skin it’s color?

A

1) melanin
2) carotene
3) oxyhemoglobin
4) deoxyhemoglobin

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5
Q

What is the name of the brown pigment of the skin that is genetically determined?

A

Melanin

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6
Q

What is the name of the gold pigment of the skin that exists in subcutaneous fat?

A

Carotene

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7
Q

What is the name of a bluish cast to the skin caused by an increase in scattered light reflected back through the layers of the skin?

A

Cyanosis

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8
Q

What is the term for short, fine, inconspicuous hair that is relatively unpigmented?

A

Vellus hair

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9
Q

What is the term for coarser, thicker, pigmented hair?

A

Terminal hair (scalp, eyebrows)

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10
Q

What is the term for the firm, rectangular part of the nail?

A

Nail plate

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11
Q

To what is the nail plate attached?

A

Nail bed

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12
Q

What is the whitish moon of the nail called?

A

Lunula

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13
Q

What is the part of the nail covered by the proximal nail fold?

A

Nail root

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14
Q

What is the skin called on either side of the nail?

A

Lateral nail folds

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15
Q

What glands are located on all skin surfaces except the palms and soles?

A

Sebaceous glands

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16
Q

What are the two types of sweat glands?

A

1) Eccrine

2) Apocrine

17
Q

Which of the sweat glands are widely-distributed, open directly to the skin surface, and help to control temperature?

A

Eccrine

18
Q

Which of the sweat glands are found primarily in axillary and genital regions and open into hair follicles?

A

Apocrine

19
Q

Which sweat glands are responsible for body odor?

A

Apocrine

20
Q

What are the skin cancers that usually arise in sun-exposed areas?

A

1) basal cell

2) squamous cell

21
Q

What skin cancer often occurs on non-exposed areas of the skin that are subject to intermittent sunburn?

A

Melanoma

22
Q

80% of skin cancers are this type

A

basal cell carcinoma

23
Q

This type of skin cancer appears as pearly erythematous translucent papules or red macules

A

Basal cell

24
Q

16% of skin cancers are this type

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

25
Q

This type of skin cancer appears as a crusted hyperkeratotic lesion or a flat reddish ulcerated patch

A

Squamous cell

26
Q

This type of skin cancer only accounts for 4%-5% but is the most lethal causing 80% of all deaths from skin cancer

A

Melanoma

27
Q

What is the name of the melanoma risk model?

A

HARMM

28
Q

What does HARMM stand for?

A 
History of previous melanoma
Age over 50
Regular dermatologist absent
Mole changing
Male gender
29
Q

What are the common types of nevi?

A

1) junctional - typically brown macules
2) intradermal - typically skin-colored papules
3) compound - typically brown macules

30
Q

List the ABCDEs for recognition of melanoma

A 
Asymmetry (present)
Borders (irregular)
Color (variegation)
Diameter (>6mm)
Evolution (change)
31
Q

What do you call a mole that looks different than the others?

A

Ugly Duckling

32
Q

What is a well-established method for viewing skin lesions with a magnifier?

A

Dermoscopy

33
Q

What does SPF denote?

A

The number of minutes for treated versus untreated skin to redden when exposed to UVB

34
Q

Where is it best to see oxyhemoglobin levels or pallor?

A

Fingernails, lips and the mucous membranes

35
Q

Where is it best to identify central cyanosis?

A

Lips, oral mucosa and the tongue

36
Q

Peripheral cyanosis occurs in ____. Central cyanosis occurs in _____.

A

Heart failure, COPD or pulmonary edema

37
Q

Carotenemia can be seen in what areas of the skin?

A

Palms, soles and face

38
Q

Vesicles in a unilateral dermatomal pattern are typical of what?

A

Herpes zoster

39
Q

What is the term for hair loss?

A

Alopecia

HA Exam 4 - Wk 13-16 (3 decks)

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