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Clin Med > Derm 2: Alopecia, Bacterial, Fungal, Viral > Flashcards

Derm 2: Alopecia, Bacterial, Fungal, Viral Flashcards

1
Q

The disease that affects the upper epidermis sharply bordered, often in kids

A

Erysipelas

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2
Q

What bacteria causes Erysipelas?

A

Beta Hemolytic Strep

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3
Q

Treatment for Erysipelas?

A

Antibiotics (topical)

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4
Q

Disease that affects the deep dermis, with no borders?

A

Cellulitis (lower leg, calve)

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5
Q

Is cellulitis often G+ or G->

A

Gram negative

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6
Q

What is the bacteria of cellulitis

A

G- Beta Hemolytic strep

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7
Q

Treatment for Cellulitis

A

PO Antibiotics, or IV if bad (hospitalize)

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8
Q

What type of trauma puts you at risk for anaerobic bacterial cellulitis infection?

A

Human/animal bites

make sure your Abx covers that

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9
Q

What disease shows oral lesions evolving from papule to vesicle to pustule to crust?

A

Impetigo

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10
Q

What are the two possible bacteria for impetigo

A

Staph

Beta Hemolytic Strep (Group A)

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11
Q

Giving antibiotics for impetigo should cover what two bacteria?

A

Staph

Beta Hemolytic strep

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12
Q

In an afebrile patient with impetigo you would likely give topical or oral abx?

A

topical (febrile is systemic, so give PO)

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13
Q

what are two risk factors for impetigo?

A

Rheumatic fever and Post-strep glomerulonephritis

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14
Q

An infection of skin around the nails

A

Paronychia

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15
Q

whose at risk for paronychia

A

stressed out PA students who bite their fingernails and suck their thumb. HIV, construction workers

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16
Q

tx for paronychia

A

I&D, Abx is a judgement call

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17
Q

In chronic paronychia consider what alternative tx?

A

Topical steroid

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18
Q

the best but seldom used test for Tinea (fungal infections)

A

KOH scraping

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19
Q

How does tinea usually present

A

a single annular plaque with central clearing

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20
Q

that same tinea lesion looks like what in another disease?

A

The herald patch in Pityriasis

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21
Q

for all areas of the body in Tinea we give topical antifungal, where do YOU NOT give antifungals?

A

Nails or the head (give PO)

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22
Q

What is a serious side effect of PO antifungals?

A

Hepatotocxicity

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23
Q

Fungal infections are what type of ‘phyte’

A

dermatophyte

by the way, candida is not dermatophytic, so only drug appropriate for that is Nystatin

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24
Q

Hypopigmented lesions on the skin during summer months?

A

Tinea Versicolor (fungus occupies skin and prevents a tan)

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25
Q

oh back up to Tinea….PO antifungals can create what huge benign lesion on the scalp that looks infected (pustular, exudative, lymphadenopathy)?

A

A Kerion

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26
Q

What the the general term for nails appearing yellow to white with scaling at its distal free edge?

A

Onychomycosis

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27
Q

what are the three types of onychomycosis?

A

Distal subungual, proximal subungual, white supeficial

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28
Q

Which is the most common type of onychomycosis?

A

Distal sunungual

29
Q

what is the most common source of onychomycosis infection….yeast or fungus?

A

yeast

30
Q

tx for onychomycosis

A

symptomatic, treat nails if comorbidities exist like diabetes, neuropathy, etc.

31
Q

true or false, many disease could be responsible for onychomycosis?

A

true

32
Q

Wht is the only type of scarring hair loss

A

Cicatricial Alopecia

33
Q

What is Cicatricial Alopecia caused by?

A

Burns/truma, chemical damage, HSV

(the follicle is physically damaged

34
Q

What are the three phases of hair growth?

A

Anagen ,Catagen, Telogen

Growth, Transition, Resting phase

35
Q

What type of hair loss shows a patch or patches completely smooth skin>

A

Alopcia Areata

36
Q

What is the etiology of Areata?

A

Autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere on the body

37
Q

What is Areata Totalis

A

Affects the entire head

38
Q

What is Areata Universalit

A

Affects the entire body

39
Q

Tx for Alopecia Areata

A

Steroid

40
Q

What type of alopecia shows crown/recession in men, and thinning/widening anterior part in females?

A

Pattern Alopecia

41
Q

What is the pathology/cause of Pattern Alopecia

A

Hormonal issue with androgen receptors on the scalp

42
Q

Tx for Pattern Alopecia?

A

Oral antiandrogen

43
Q

What do you watch for in females after administration of antiandrogens

A

Hirsutism

44
Q

This hair loss comes from pulling hair out (stress, psych, etc.)

A

Trillotichomania

45
Q

This hair loss comes from seeing more hair in the drain

A

Telogen Effuvium

46
Q

A patient may have Telogen Effuvium if all other signs of hair loss are absent, except what in the history?

A

A hx of bodily stress/illness/pregnancy 3 months ago.

47
Q

Tx for Telogen Effuvium?

A

Youll be fine

48
Q

Patient shows grouped vesicles around the mouth, they likely have…?

A

HSV1

49
Q

What are the prodromal signs of HSV 1/2

A

Burning, stinging, pain

50
Q

Tx for HSV 1/2

A

Antivirals (‘ovirs)

51
Q

Herpetic ulcers are painful or painless?

A

Painful

52
Q

What in the DD shows painless ulcers

A

Chancre (Syphilis)

53
Q

What are s/s’s of a true primary episode of HSV?

A

10-14 days with fever, pain, lymphadenopathy

54
Q

Where do re-occurences come from in the body

A

Neural ganglia (IgG antibody induced)

55
Q

What is the best lab diagnosis if you are unsure of you clinical diagnosis of HSV?

A
  1. PCR
  2. Direct Fluoride Antibody Test
  3. Tsank Test (multinucleated giant cells)
  4. Viral Culture (slow)
56
Q

This person shows generalized vesicular rashes in all different stages, they likely have…?

A

Varicella (Chicken Pox)

57
Q

Chicken pox shows prodrome, and what other s/s’s?

A

Fever, malaise, pharyngitis, loss of appetite

58
Q

Tx for chicken pox?

A

self-limiting

59
Q

What people should you be concerned about giving live vaccines such as for HSV?

A

Pregnant women, immunocompromised, HIV

60
Q

What are 4 complications of Chicken pox?

A

Encephalitis, Impetigo, Pneumonia, Reye’s Syndrome (aspirin to kids)

61
Q

What is the infection that shows recurrent dermatomal lesions?

A

Herpes Zoster

62
Q

If shingles reoccurs a second time, consider…?

A

Immunocompromisation

63
Q

Tx for shingles?

A

Antiviral and pain med

Vaccine

64
Q

Complications of shingles

A

Post herpetic neuralgia, zoster opthalmicus, bacterial infection, motor neuropathy, meningitis

65
Q

Best test for Varicella and Herpes Zoster

A

PCR!

66
Q

This infection shows generalized flesh colored papules with a central core

A

Molloscum Contagiosum

Pox Virus

67
Q

Where does MC usually occur?

A

abdomen or chest

68
Q

Tx for MC?

A

None, but use contact precautions

Clin Med (14 decks)

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