Derm

Question 1

cutaneous wound repair

Answer 1

-coagulation
-inflammatory phase
-proliferative-migratory phase (tissue formation)
-remodeling phase

Question 2

diascopy

Answer 2

tests blanching

Question 3

ABCDE

Answer 3

asymmetry
border
color
diameter
evolution

Question 4

lentigines

Answer 4

-sun spot

Question 5

2 steps in establishing morphology of any given skin condition

Answer 5

-1. careful visual and tactile inspection
-2. application of correct descriptors

Question 6

lesion shape

Answer 6

Nummular/Discoid/Round: all describe coin-shaped lesions
Annular: ring-shaped
Arcuate: shaped like an arc.
Serpiginous: wavy like a snake
Figurate/Polycyclic: lots of different ring shapes, rings within rings
Retiform/Reticulate: web or net-like.
Mammillated ‘nipple like’: bumpy, like a cobblestone road
Umbilicated: centrally indented
Targetoid: lesions with a bulls-eye, or concentric rings or varying colors

Question 7

distribution

Answer 7

Discrete/Scattered: lesions are separate from one another
Clustered (Agminated): grouped together in a bunch but not running together
Coalescing: grouped and starting to merge into one another
Focal: just in one anatomic location
Generalized: over the ENTIRE body

Question 8

nails grow

Answer 8

0.1mm/daily

Question 9

primary lesions

Answer 9

-Macule, patch: Flat, color change only
-Papule, plaque: raised, palpable
-Vesicle, bulla: serous fluid-filled space in epidermis -> bulla is large vesicle
-Wheal: an edematous papule or plaque -> urticaria
-Nodule, tumor: raised lesion deeper in skin -> nodule is smaller
-tumor >5cm
-Pustule, furuncle (nonflucuent), abscess (fluccuent): pus-filled space
-Cyst: a sac-like nodule that has an epithelial lining containing fluid or debris
-petechiae is the smaller purpura (>.5cm)

Question 10

secondary lesions

Answer 10

-Result from changes in primary lesions -> Traumatic injury to the skin or other external factors
-scale- dead skin
-lichenification- rubbing, itching, skin irritation
-keloid
-scar
-excoriation- loss of epidermis, scratch
-fissure- crack
-erosion- after rupture of vesicle or bulla
-ulcer- loss of dermis
-crust- dried fluid
-atrophy- stretch mark

Question 11

annular

Answer 11

-circular rashes with central clearing

Question 12

distribution vs configuration

Answer 12

-distribution- location
-configuration- means how the lesions are arranged or relate to each other

Question 13

clubbed fingers

Answer 13

-float
-warm fingers, redish tinge
-nail curves down- spoon
-lung cancer
-heart defect- congenital
-lung infections
-anemia

Question 14

schamroths sign

Answer 14

-diamond window between fingers
-sign of clubbing

Question 15

spooned nails

Answer 15

-koilonychia
-nails curve inwards
-soft and thin
-causes- autoimmune, genetics, vitamin deficiency
-iron deficiency anemia- MC

Question 16

central nail ridge

Answer 16

-vertical ridges in nails
-typically associated with aging
-assoc with diabetes, vit deficiency

Question 17

central nail canal

Answer 17

-median nail dystrophy- midline split in nail plate of thumb nails
-typically caused by trauma
-topical steroids have proven to be effective

Question 18

nail pitting

Answer 18

-holes (shallow or deep) on nails
-Punctate depressions
-can have white appearance
-causes:
-psoriasis and autoimmune condition
-topical steroid and light therapy

Question 19

beau’s lines

Answer 19

-horizontal lines/grooves in nails
-depression
-illness, trauma to nail bed impedes nail growth -> or vit deficiency
-chronic conditions- diabetes, hypothyroidism

Question 20

mee’s lines

Answer 20

-white bands on fingers
-transverse

Question 21

terry lines

Answer 21

-proximal nail is white and reddened distal nail
-liver disease, usually cirrhosis, heart failure, and diabetes
-ground glass

Question 22

felon nail

Answer 22

-trauma to nail
-infection affecting soft tissue near nail
-on the finger pad (distal pulp)
-abscess distal pulp

Question 23

hair shedding

Answer 23

Hair shedding at the roots is common in
telogen affluvium and alopecia areata.
Hair breaks along the shaft suggest
damage from hair care or tinea capitis

Question 24

seborrheic dermatitis

Answer 24

Bilaterally symmetric erythematous
patches on central cheeks and
eyebrows, some with overlying
greasy scale;

Question 25

tinea cruris

Answer 25

Bilateral erythematous, geographic
patches with peripheral scaling, on
inner thighs bilaterally, sparing the
scrotum;

Question 26

basal cell carcinoma

Answer 26

-oval pink pearly papule with
-overlying telangiectasias
-Pink patch that does not heal
-May have focal scaling

Question 27

pityriasis rosea- heralds patch

Answer 27

heralds patch- Single, oval, flat-topped superficial
erythematous to skin-colored plaque

pityriasis rosea- Multiple round to oval scaling
violaceous plaques

Question 28

Spider Angioma

Answer 28

Single spider angiomas are
normal and are common on the
face and chest; also seen in
pregnancy and liver disease

Question 29

Petechia/Purpura vs Ecchymosis

Answer 29

-petechia/purpura- can be due to bleeding disorder
-do not blanch
-palpable purpura- vasculitis

-ecchymosis- trauma, changes color

Question 30

Alopecia Areata

Answer 30

-sudden onset of patchy hair loss

Question 31

habit tic deformity

Answer 31

-depression of the central nail with a “Christmas tree” appearance from small
horizontal depressions, resulting from repetitive trauma from rubbing the index finger over
the thumb or vice versa

Question 32

Onycholysis vs Onychomycosis

Answer 32

-nail trauma -> white distal to proximal
-painless
-separation

-onychomycosis- nail thickening due to fungus

Question 33

ulcer

Answer 33

-stage 1- red and does not blanch
-stage 2- partial thickness loss
-stage 3- full thickness loss
-stage- full loss with muscle, tissue, tendon involvement

Question 34

actinic keratosis

Answer 34

-turns to SCCC
-scaly
-dry

Question 35

ABCDE

Answer 35

-asymmetry
-border irregular
-color
-diameter > 6mm
-evolving -> most sensitive

Question 36

acanthosis nigricans

Answer 36

-dark, velvety patches in body folds and creases.
-obese or diabetes
-rarely, warning sign of cancerous tumor in an internal organ, such as the stomach or liver
-armpits, groin, and neck
-hyperpigmentation

Question 37

psoriasis

Answer 37

-pitting
-extensor surfaces

Question 38

splinter hemorrhages

Answer 38

endocarditis

Question 39

subungual melanoma

Answer 39

Melanonychia
-under the nail cancer
-dark streaking on nail seen

Question 40

paronychia

Answer 40

An infection of the tissue folds around the nails.