Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3rd Year Conditions > Derm > Flashcards

Derm Flashcards

1
Q

What is urticaria?

A

Small, itchy lumps that appear on the skin which may be associated with patchy, erythematous skin.

Acute or chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Common causes of acute urticaria

A

Triggered by anything that causes mast cells to release histamine

Allergies to food, medication or animals

Chemicals, latex, stinging nettles

Medications

Viral infections

Insect bites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Causes of chronic urticaria

A

Autoimmune disorder where antibodies target mast cells to release histamine

Chronic inducible is recurrent urticaria which is caused by certain triggers such as sunlight, temperature change, exercise, strong emotions, hot or cold weather

Chronic idiopathic has no clear cause

Autoimmune urticaria is associated with an underlying autoimmune condition such as SLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is urticaria managed?

A

Antihistamines: fexofenadine for chronic, oral steroids for short severe flare

If very problematic and severe then consider anti-leukotrienes, omalizumab or cyclosporin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is eczema?

A

chronic atopic condition caused by defects in the normal continuity of the skin barrier, leading to inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where does eczema usually occur?

A

flexor surfaces (inside of elbows and knees)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How should eczema be managed?

A
  • maintenance and management of flares
  • maintenance = emollients used often, avoid soaps and body washes
  • manage flares = topical steroids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some complications of eczema?

A
  • bacterial infection caused by infective organism, usually staphylococcus aureus
  • eczema herpeticum caused by HSV or varicella zoster
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is psoriasis?

A
  • chronic autoimmune condition that causes recurrent symptoms of psoriatic skin lesions
  • usually dry, flaky, scaly, erythematous skin lesions on knees, elbow or scalp
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the different types of psoriasis?

A
  1. Plaque = thickened erythematous plaques with silver scales
  2. Guttate = children, small raised papules across trunk and limbs, usually triggered by streptococcal throat infection, stress or medications
  3. Pustular = pustules form under areas of erythematous skin
  4. Erythrodermic = erythematous inflamed areas covering most of the surface of the skins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does psoriasis present in children?

A
  • guttate in children, often triggered by a throat infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Signs of psoriasis

A
  1. Auspitz = small points of bleeding when plaques are scraped off
  2. Koebner phenomenon = development of psoriatic lesions of skin affected by trauma
  3. Residual pigmentation = after lesion resolves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How should psoriasis be managed?

A
  • topical steroids
  • topical vitamin D analogues
  • topical dithranol
  • topical tacrolimus
  • phototherapy with ultraviolet B light
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the associations of psoriasis?

A
  1. Nail psoriasis = pitting, thickening, discolouration, ridging, onycholysis
  2. Psoriatic arthritis
  3. Psychological implications
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is cellulitis? What usually causes it?

A

bacterial infection of the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue, usually lower limb

  • Streptococcus pyogenes and staphylococcus aureus but also Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does cellulitis present?

A

acute onset of red, painful, hot, swollen skin

  • possibly orange-peel appearance, blistering, bleeding and lymphangitis
17
Q

Risk factors for cellulitis

A
  • skin trauma
  • ulceration
  • obesity
  • diabetes
  • venous insufficiency
  • eczema
  • oedema and lymphoedema
18
Q

How should cellulitis be investigated?

A

FBC, ESR and CRP, U&Es

- swab, biopsy

19
Q

How should cellulitis be managed?

A
  • antibiotics
  • analgesia, fluid intakes, elevate leg for comfort and to relieve any oedema
  • manage underlying risk factors
20
Q

Where can pressure sores occur?

A

usually over a bony prominence but can form on any part of the body

21
Q

Key diagnostic factors for pressure sores

A
  • risk factors
  • non-pressure relieving support surface
  • localised skin changes on area subject to pressure
  • shallow open wound or tissue loss on areas subjected to pressure
22
Q

Risk factors for pressure sores

A
  • immobility
  • sensory impairment
  • older age
  • surgery
23
Q

Features of arterial ulcers

A
  • occur distally (toes or dorsum of foot)
  • associated with peripheral arterial disease with absent pulses, pallor and intermittent claudication
  • smaller than venous ulcers
  • deeper than venous ulcers
  • well-defined borders
  • punched-out appearance
  • pale colour
  • less likely to bleed
  • painful
  • worse at night and on elevation
24
Q

How should we manage arterial ulcers?

A
  • same as peripheral arterial disease
  • urgent referral to vascular to consider revascularisation
  • debridement and compression are not used

3rd Year Conditions (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions