Derm 1 - Basic terminology Flashcards
Define macule:
Small flat area of altered colour
Define patch:
Large flat area of altered colour/texture
Define papule:
Solid raised lesion < 0.5 cm in diameter
Define nodule:
Solid raised lesion >0.5 cm in diameter
Define plaque:
Palpable scaling raised lesion >0.5 cm in diameter
Define vesicle:
Raised, clear fluid-filled <0.5 cm in diameter
Define bulla:
Raised, clear fluid-filled lesion >0.5 cm in diameter
Define pustule:
Pus-containing lesion <0.5 cm in diameter
Define abscess:
Localised accumulation of pus in dermis or subcutaneous tissues
Define wheal:
Transient raised lesion due to dermal oedema
Define excoriation:
Loss of epidermis following trauma
Define lichenification:
Well-defined roughening of skin with accentuation of skin markings
In which condition is excoriation and lichenification commonly seen?
Eczema
Define ulcer:
Loss of epidermis and dermis
Which conditions are associated with clubbing?
- Cyanotic heart disease
- Cirrhosis
- Coeliac disease
- IBD
- Lung cancer
- Bronchiectasis
- Lung abscess
- Empyema
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- Cystic fibrosis
- Asbestosis
- Mesothelioma
Which condition is associated with koilonychia?
Iron-deficiency anaemia
Which conditions are associated with oncholysis?
- Trauma
- Psoriasis
- Fungal nail infection
- Hyperthyroidism
Which conditions are associated with nail pitting?
- Psoriasis
- Alopecia areata
- Eczema
What are the 6 main functions of skin?
1) Protective barrier
2) Temperature regulation
3) Sensation
4) Vit D synthesis
5) Immunosurveillance
6) Appearance
What are the 4 main cell types in the epidermis?
1) Keratinocytes
2) Langerhans’ cells
3) Melanocytes
4) Merkel cells
Which cells in the epidermis contain specialised nerve endings for sensation?
Merkel cells
What is the function of Langerhans’ cells in the epidermis?
Present antigens and activate T-lymphocytes for immune protection
What are the 4 layers in the epidermis?
1) Stratum corneum
2) Stratum granulosum
3) Stratum spinosum
4) Stratum basale
In which layer of the epidermis do keratinocytes lose their nuclei?
Stratum granulosum
What amount of emollients should someone with psoriasis be using per month?
500g tub/month
What is the function of emollients?
Rehydrate skin and re-establish lipid layer
Give me a mild, moderate, potent and very potent topical corticosteroid:
Mild - hydrocortisone
Moderate - Clobetasone
Potent - Betamethasone
V potent - Clobetasol
What % hydrocortisone should be used on the face if necessary?
1% hydrocortisone
How would you advise the application of topical corticosteroids?
Finger-tip dose should be enough to cover 2 hands.
Apply thinly, for shortest length of time
What are some local side effects of topical corticosteroids?
- Skin atrophy/thinning
- Striae
- Telangiectasia
- Acne
- Allergic contact dermatitis
