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Depth study 2- Islam Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Fiqh

A

Study of Islamic jurisprudence or law

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2
Q

Define Jurisprudence

A

Interpretation of Shariah

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3
Q

Define Ijma

A

Consensus of the scholars

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4
Q

Define Fatwa

A

Ruling of Islamic law by an authority

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5
Q

Define Qiyas

A

Analogies based on on a strict systematic reasoning

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6
Q

Define Usul Al-Fiqh

A

School Al- Shafi’i introduced. General knowledge of the proofs of fiqh, the manner in deriving from them, and the standing of the individual who does the deriving

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7
Q

Define Shari’i

A

A religious law forming part of the Islamic tradition

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8
Q

Define Tawhid

A

Concept of monotheism

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9
Q

Define Usul

A

Ethical law

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10
Q

Who is the significant person you’re studying?

A

Imam Al- Shafi’i

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11
Q

Is he part of the great Imams?

A

Yes, the third one

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12
Q

What was the main change he is responsible for?

A

Responsible for bringing together the teachings of the previous two Imams and building upon these teachings, leading to the formation of his own school of thought

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13
Q

Name five points about his biographical information

A
  • Started as a poor, Sunni Muslim
  • Born in Gaza in 767 CE
  • Memorised Quran by age 7
  • At 15 issued rulings on a point of Islamic law
  • At 20 he became a student of imam Malik
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14
Q

Name his two titles

A
  • Father of Islamic Jurisprudence

- Master architect of Jurisprudence

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15
Q

What did Imam Hanbal write about Imam Al- Shafi’i

A

“Until the time of Al Shafi’i men did not know hot to distinguish between the traditions that were in force and those that were cancelled”

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16
Q

Provide some background on the religious status during the time of Al- Shafi’i

A

Time of confusion and disorder, as the Islamic law was creating social instability and corruption within society.
During this time, there were two conflicting schools of thought;
- The Traditionalists- the votaries of Hadith (ahl al-Hadith) such as Malik
- The Rationalists- the votaries of reason (ahl al-Ra’y) such as Hanafia

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17
Q

How did Al Sahfi’i react to these opposing schools?

A

Sought to settle the dispute by taking a middle way between the two schools

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18
Q

What school did he introduce? What was the aim of it?

A

Introduction of USUL AL-FIQH.
Sought to ensure the purity of Islam by establishing processes that would provide an authentic ethical system and a stricter, clearer interpretation of the Shariah Law

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19
Q

What is Shariah law?

A

Islam’s legal system

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20
Q

What is the name of the important letter Al- Shafi’i wrote?

A

Kitab Al Risalah

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21
Q

What information did this letter contain?

A

Outlined his interpretations of Islamic jurisprudence and Sharia Law by stating that the Quran and Hadith were of equal importance and that if there are no answers found in either of these sources, then consult Ijma and then the Qiyas

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22
Q

Define Ijma

A

Consensus of the scholars

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23
Q

Define Qiyas

A

Analogies based on a strict systematic reasoning

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24
Q

What were the two main effects of this?

A
  • Allowed for a pure expression of Islam following the teaching of Tawhid
  • More universal understanding of Islamic law and a pure expression of Islam following the teaching of Tawhid
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25
Q

What else did Al- Shafi’i contribute to the development of Islam (the first one is the school of Usul Al- Fiqh)

A

Isnad

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26
Q

What is Isnad?

A

chain of authorities attesting to the historical authenticity of a particular Hadith, which confirmed Usul Al-Fiqh

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27
Q

What did this allow for?

A

A more unified faith concerning Islamic jurisprudence

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28
Q

What’s the Islamic name for the process of ethical law?

A

Usul

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29
Q

What is Usul?

A

A branch of science. The traditional methodological principles used in Islamic jurisprudence for deriving the rulings of Islamic law and the methodology of legal decision making

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30
Q

How did Al- Shafi’i contribute to this?

A

Created Kitab Al Risalah

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31
Q

Recite the process of Usul, according to this letter

A

The four sources are;
i’i’s major work, Kitab Al Risalah cited the four sources of Islamic law:
1. The Quran
2. The Sunnah
3. Ijma (consensus of the scholars)
4. Qiyas (analogies based on a strict systematic reasoning)

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32
Q

What’s the first step of Usul?

A

The Quran

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33
Q

What is the Quran?

A

The divine word of Allah

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34
Q

What two categories did he determine the Quran fell into?

A

General

Particular

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35
Q

What’s the second step of Usul?

A

The Sunnah

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36
Q

What is the Sunnah

A

The traditions and practices of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad

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37
Q

What role doe the Sunnah play in Usul?

A

To reach a specific legal ruling, it isn’t sufficient to refer solely to the Quran. The Sunnah elaborates on what is in the Quran and either specifies or restricts what is generally mentioned in the Quran.

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38
Q

What’s the third step of Usul?

A

Ijma

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39
Q

What is Ijma?

A

The consensus (general agreement) of the scholars

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40
Q

What’s the fourth step of Usul?

A

Qiyas

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41
Q

What is Qiyas?

A

Process of deductive analogy in which the teachings of the Hadith are compared and contrasted with those of the Quran

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42
Q

What was Al- Shafi’i’s aim with Qiyas?

A

He tried to limit the use of personal reasoning (ijtihad)to the use of analogy

43
Q

Did Al- Shafi’i found a school of law?

A

Yes

44
Q

What is the name of this?

A

Madhab

45
Q

Is Shafi’i’s school of law still relevant?

A

Yes. It is the second most popular school

46
Q

How many schools are there in total?

A

Four

47
Q

Who had a madhab?

A

Each Imam

48
Q

Why did Al- Shafi’i authenticate the Hadith?

A

To ensure that the teachings which were being followed were in line with the straight path

49
Q

Name Al- Shafi’is three texts

A
  • Al Umm
  • Kitab Al Risalah
  • Diwan Shafie
50
Q

What is the context of Al Umm?

A

Collection of Shafi’i’s writings and lectures

51
Q

What is the context of Kitab Al Risalah?

A

Creating a unity of thought among Muslims.

Also outlined the rules that governed his personal reasoning (ijtihad)

52
Q

What is the context of Diwan Shafie?

A

Collection of his poetry, compiled after his death

53
Q

Name and slightly expand upon his three contributions on expression

A
  • Fatwas- defining how Muslims should live, clarified in the faith
  • Modelled the faith (eg. gave to the poor (zakat) and attended Hajj)
  • Taught the faith (eg. at Hajj)
54
Q

Name the first main impact Al- Shafi’i’ made to Islam

A

Revolutionised the study of Islamic ethics by systemising the process and putting it in written form

55
Q

Name the second main impact Al- Shafi’i’ made to Islam

A

Served as a link, synthesising and connecting the groups of opposing thoughts among Muslims

56
Q

Name the third main impact Al- Shafi’i’ made to Islam

A

Demonstrated how every rule can conform to the authoritative sources

57
Q

Name the fourth main impact Al- Shafi’i’ made to Islam

A

Founded a madhab

58
Q

Name the fifth main impact Al- Shafi’i’ made to Islam

A

Wrote the Kitab Al Risalah

59
Q

What is something great about his impacts?

A

It has never been superseded, rather, it has remained permanent

60
Q

Name the first main effect Al- Shafi’i’ made to Islam

A

Formulated the methodology of legal decision

61
Q

Name the second main effect Al- Shafi’i’ made to Islam

A

Prevented the fraying of the study of ethics due to rivarly, while providing enough flexibility for there still to be different interpretations

62
Q

Name the third main effect Al- Shafi’i’ made to Islam

A

Provided the first comprehensive view of the whole process of ethical decisions making in a logical and systematic way

63
Q

Name the fourth main effect Al- Shafi’i’ made to Islam

A

Created a modernly used school

64
Q

Name the fifth main effect Al- Shafi’i’ made to Islam

A

Taught that knowledge of the scriptures is more important than prayer

65
Q

Name the sixth main effect Al- Shafi’i’ made to Islam

A

Laid the framework for future methods of Hadith collection through his rigorous criteria for authenticating hadith

66
Q

Was Al- Shafi’i an influence for future scholars and theologians?

A

Yes

67
Q

Name an example of this

A

Al Ghazaali wrote a work on Islamic law which was based on the themes of the Risalah

68
Q

What are the main bioethical issues we study in relations to Islam?

A
  • Abortion
  • Euthanasia
  • IVF and Artificial Insemination
69
Q

What is haram?

A

Forbidden

70
Q

What is Islam’s stance on abortion?

A

Human life is sacred and only Allah can take that away. Abortion is considered haram because it suggests a lack of trust in Allah

71
Q

Provide a source for this belief

A

“It is Allah who gives you life then gives you death” (Qur’an 45:26)

72
Q

When is ensoulment considered to occur?

A

At 120 days

73
Q

Are positions on abortion variable? If so, in what situations?

A

Yes. Only before ensoulment.

  • If a mother’s life is in danger. Saving mothers life is ‘lesser of two evils’ as she is the original source of life, whereas the fetus is “potential life”
  • Some scholars permit where the mother is a victim of rape or incest
  • If the fetus suffers from a defect that can’t be treated and will cause great suffering to the child
74
Q

In what instance is abortion not permitted, as clarified by the Quran?

A

Not permitted if the family fear that they will not be able to provide for it. They should trust Allah, and according to ‘Umma’ the community is called to support the family and provide almsgiving

75
Q

Provide a quote to support this

A

“And kill not your children for fear of poverty” (Qur’an 17:32)

76
Q

Define Umma

A

Muslims bound together by ties of religion

77
Q

What is Islam’s stance on euthanasia?

A

does not have the right to end his or her life and it is considered a major sin

78
Q

Provide a source for this belief

A

Qur’an clearly states “Do not kill yourselves as God has been to you very merciful”

“It is Allah who gives you life then gives you death” (Qur’an 45:26)

79
Q

What does Islam consider pain and suffering to mean?

A

an opportunity to compensate for one’s past sins or to rise to higher ranks of spirituality in the Court of God promising of great reward

80
Q

Name a source

A

“If Allah wants to do good to somebody, He afflicts him with friair” (Bukhari, 5645)

81
Q

What is euthanasia regarded as?

A

Suicide

82
Q

Name a quote which prohibits suicide

A

“Whoever commits suicide with something will be punished with the same thing in the fire” (BUKHARI 78:647)

83
Q

What is an adherent allowed to do?

A

Administer palliative care that only relieve pain

84
Q

What is Islam’s stance on IVF and Artificial Insemination?

A

IVF is acceptable and commendable to Islam but only if it solely involves husband and wife and if its performed during the span of their marriage

85
Q

What is unacceptable and why?

A

A donor because the child is not the fruit of the marriage contract and is therefore robbed of its right to legitimacy

86
Q

Provide a source

A

“Do not even go near zina (fornication and/or adultery), for it is a very indecent thing and a very evil way” (17:32)

87
Q

What is the significant practice?

A

The Hajj

88
Q

What are the five pillars?

A

Activities and beliefs which are regarded as foundational for all who follow Islam

89
Q

What is the fifth pillar?

A

The Hajj

90
Q

What is the Hajj?

A

Pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia, which every adult Muslim must make at least once in his or her lifetime

91
Q

What is the purpose of Hajj?

A

To answer the call of Allah, forge a stronger connection with him through making this journey and relying on him

92
Q

When does the pilgrimage take place?

A

Begins on the 7th day of Dhū al-Ḥijjah (the last month of the Islamic year) and ends on the 12th day

93
Q

Generally, how long does it go for?`

A

7 days

94
Q

What is Ihram?

A

Sacred state. The first step of the Hajj

95
Q

How does one get intro Irham?

A

Clean
Wear white garmet cloths
Make intentions
Recite Talbiya

96
Q

What happens on the seventh, the first day of the Hajj?

A
  • Umra
  • Make seven Tawaf’s around the Ka’ba
  • Pray two Rak’at behind Maquam Ibrahim
  • Travel seven times between the two mountains of Safa and Marwa
97
Q

What happens on the eighth, the second day of the Hajj?

A
  • Going to Mina (noon on the 8th)
  • Make intention for Hajj
  • Remain in Mina and perform five prayers
98
Q

What happens on the ninth, the third day of the Hajj?

A
  • Going to Afarat (morning on the 9th)
  • Leave for Afarat and stay until sunset
  • Glorify Allah and ask for forgiveness
  • Pray
  • Going to Muzdalifa (after sunset on the 9th)
  • Leave for Muzdalifa
  • Perform prayers
  • Stay overnight and pray
99
Q

What happens on the tenth, the fourth day of the Hajj?

A
  • Proceed to Mina (sunrise on the 10th)
  • Shortly after sunrise, leave Muzdalifa and go and stone the three buildings for the devils, seventimes each. These are called Jamra al-Aqaba
  • perform nahr
  • Shave head and trim hair
  • Take off garmets
100
Q

What happens on the 11th, 12th, the fifth, sixth day of the Hajj?

A
  • After al-Zuhr prayer each day, stone the three jamrat

- You may leave on the12th before sunset

101
Q

What happens on the 13th, the seventh day of the Hajj?

A
  • Go to Mecca and perofmr the tawaf. Make this the last thing you do
102
Q

What happens after this?

A

It is preferable, but not compulsory to visit the prophets Mosque at Medina

103
Q

How many visitors does the Hajj attract each year?

A

Around 2.5 million

religion (3 decks)

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