Depth study 2- Islam Flashcards
1
Q
Define Fiqh
A
Study of Islamic jurisprudence or law
2
Q
Define Jurisprudence
A
Interpretation of Shariah
3
Q
Define Ijma
A
Consensus of the scholars
4
Q
Define Fatwa
A
Ruling of Islamic law by an authority
5
Q
Define Qiyas
A
Analogies based on on a strict systematic reasoning
6
Q
Define Usul Al-Fiqh
A
School Al- Shafi’i introduced. General knowledge of the proofs of fiqh, the manner in deriving from them, and the standing of the individual who does the deriving
7
Q
Define Shari’i
A
A religious law forming part of the Islamic tradition
8
Q
Define Tawhid
A
Concept of monotheism
9
Q
Define Usul
A
Ethical law
10
Q
Who is the significant person you’re studying?
A
Imam Al- Shafi’i
11
Q
Is he part of the great Imams?
A
Yes, the third one
12
Q
What was the main change he is responsible for?
A
Responsible for bringing together the teachings of the previous two Imams and building upon these teachings, leading to the formation of his own school of thought
13
Q
Name five points about his biographical information
A
- Started as a poor, Sunni Muslim
- Born in Gaza in 767 CE
- Memorised Quran by age 7
- At 15 issued rulings on a point of Islamic law
- At 20 he became a student of imam Malik
14
Q
Name his two titles
A
- Father of Islamic Jurisprudence
- Master architect of Jurisprudence
15
Q
What did Imam Hanbal write about Imam Al- Shafi’i
A
“Until the time of Al Shafi’i men did not know hot to distinguish between the traditions that were in force and those that were cancelled”
16
Q
Provide some background on the religious status during the time of Al- Shafi’i
A
Time of confusion and disorder, as the Islamic law was creating social instability and corruption within society.
During this time, there were two conflicting schools of thought;
- The Traditionalists- the votaries of Hadith (ahl al-Hadith) such as Malik
- The Rationalists- the votaries of reason (ahl al-Ra’y) such as Hanafia
17
Q
How did Al Sahfi’i react to these opposing schools?
A
Sought to settle the dispute by taking a middle way between the two schools
18
Q
What school did he introduce? What was the aim of it?
A
Introduction of USUL AL-FIQH.
Sought to ensure the purity of Islam by establishing processes that would provide an authentic ethical system and a stricter, clearer interpretation of the Shariah Law
19
Q
What is Shariah law?
A
Islam’s legal system
20
Q
What is the name of the important letter Al- Shafi’i wrote?
A
Kitab Al Risalah
21
Q
What information did this letter contain?
A
Outlined his interpretations of Islamic jurisprudence and Sharia Law by stating that the Quran and Hadith were of equal importance and that if there are no answers found in either of these sources, then consult Ijma and then the Qiyas
22
Q
Define Ijma
A
Consensus of the scholars
23
Q
Define Qiyas
A
Analogies based on a strict systematic reasoning
24
Q
What were the two main effects of this?
A
- Allowed for a pure expression of Islam following the teaching of Tawhid
- More universal understanding of Islamic law and a pure expression of Islam following the teaching of Tawhid
25
What else did Al- Shafi'i contribute to the development of Islam (the first one is the school of Usul Al- Fiqh)
Isnad
26
What is Isnad?
chain of authorities attesting to the historical authenticity of a particular Hadith, which confirmed Usul Al-Fiqh
27
What did this allow for?
A more unified faith concerning Islamic jurisprudence
28
What's the Islamic name for the process of ethical law?
Usul
29
What is Usul?
A branch of science. The traditional methodological principles used in Islamic jurisprudence for deriving the rulings of Islamic law and the methodology of legal decision making
30
How did Al- Shafi'i contribute to this?
Created Kitab Al Risalah
31
Recite the process of Usul, according to this letter
The four sources are;
i’i’s major work, Kitab Al Risalah cited the four sources of Islamic law:
1. The Quran
2. The Sunnah
3. Ijma (consensus of the scholars)
4. Qiyas (analogies based on a strict systematic reasoning)
32
What's the first step of Usul?
The Quran
33
What is the Quran?
The divine word of Allah
34
What two categories did he determine the Quran fell into?
General
| Particular
35
What's the second step of Usul?
The Sunnah
36
What is the Sunnah
The traditions and practices of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad
37
What role doe the Sunnah play in Usul?
To reach a specific legal ruling, it isn’t sufficient to refer solely to the Quran. The Sunnah elaborates on what is in the Quran and either specifies or restricts what is generally mentioned in the Quran.
38
What's the third step of Usul?
Ijma
39
What is Ijma?
The consensus (general agreement) of the scholars
40
What's the fourth step of Usul?
Qiyas
41
What is Qiyas?
Process of deductive analogy in which the teachings of the Hadith are compared and contrasted with those of the Quran
42
What was Al- Shafi'i's aim with Qiyas?
He tried to limit the use of personal reasoning (ijtihad)to the use of analogy
43
Did Al- Shafi'i found a school of law?
Yes
44
What is the name of this?
Madhab
45
Is Shafi'i's school of law still relevant?
Yes. It is the second most popular school
46
How many schools are there in total?
Four
47
Who had a madhab?
Each Imam
48
Why did Al- Shafi'i authenticate the Hadith?
To ensure that the teachings which were being followed were in line with the straight path
49
Name Al- Shafi'is three texts
- Al Umm
- Kitab Al Risalah
- Diwan Shafie
50
What is the context of Al Umm?
Collection of Shafi’i’s writings and lectures
51
What is the context of Kitab Al Risalah?
Creating a unity of thought among Muslims.
| Also outlined the rules that governed his personal reasoning (ijtihad)
52
What is the context of Diwan Shafie?
Collection of his poetry, compiled after his death
53
Name and slightly expand upon his three contributions on expression
- Fatwas- defining how Muslims should live, clarified in the faith
- Modelled the faith (eg. gave to the poor (zakat) and attended Hajj)
- Taught the faith (eg. at Hajj)
54
Name the first main impact Al- Shafi'i' made to Islam
Revolutionised the study of Islamic ethics by systemising the process and putting it in written form
55
Name the second main impact Al- Shafi'i' made to Islam
Served as a link, synthesising and connecting the groups of opposing thoughts among Muslims
56
Name the third main impact Al- Shafi'i' made to Islam
Demonstrated how every rule can conform to the authoritative sources
57
Name the fourth main impact Al- Shafi'i' made to Islam
Founded a madhab
58
Name the fifth main impact Al- Shafi'i' made to Islam
Wrote the Kitab Al Risalah
59
What is something great about his impacts?
It has never been superseded, rather, it has remained permanent
60
Name the first main effect Al- Shafi'i' made to Islam
Formulated the methodology of legal decision
61
Name the second main effect Al- Shafi'i' made to Islam
Prevented the fraying of the study of ethics due to rivarly, while providing enough flexibility for there still to be different interpretations
62
Name the third main effect Al- Shafi'i' made to Islam
Provided the first comprehensive view of the whole process of ethical decisions making in a logical and systematic way
63
Name the fourth main effect Al- Shafi'i' made to Islam
Created a modernly used school
64
Name the fifth main effect Al- Shafi'i' made to Islam
Taught that knowledge of the scriptures is more important than prayer
65
Name the sixth main effect Al- Shafi'i' made to Islam
Laid the framework for future methods of Hadith collection through his rigorous criteria for authenticating hadith
66
Was Al- Shafi'i an influence for future scholars and theologians?
Yes
67
Name an example of this
Al Ghazaali wrote a work on Islamic law which was based on the themes of the Risalah
68
What are the main bioethical issues we study in relations to Islam?
- Abortion
- Euthanasia
- IVF and Artificial Insemination
69
What is haram?
Forbidden
70
What is Islam's stance on abortion?
Human life is sacred and only Allah can take that away. Abortion is considered haram because it suggests a lack of trust in Allah
71
Provide a source for this belief
“It is Allah who gives you life then gives you death” (Qur’an 45:26)
72
When is ensoulment considered to occur?
At 120 days
73
Are positions on abortion variable? If so, in what situations?
Yes. Only before ensoulment.
- If a mother’s life is in danger. Saving mothers life is ‘lesser of two evils’ as she is the original source of life, whereas the fetus is “potential life”
- Some scholars permit where the mother is a victim of rape or incest
- If the fetus suffers from a defect that can't be treated and will cause great suffering to the child
74
In what instance is abortion not permitted, as clarified by the Quran?
Not permitted if the family fear that they will not be able to provide for it. They should trust Allah, and according to ‘Umma’ the community is called to support the family and provide almsgiving
75
Provide a quote to support this
“And kill not your children for fear of poverty” (Qur’an 17:32)
76
Define Umma
Muslims bound together by ties of religion
77
What is Islam's stance on euthanasia?
does not have the right to end his or her life and it is considered a major sin
78
Provide a source for this belief
Qur’an clearly states “Do not kill yourselves as God has been to you very merciful”
“It is Allah who gives you life then gives you death” (Qur’an 45:26)
79
What does Islam consider pain and suffering to mean?
an opportunity to compensate for one’s past sins or to rise to higher ranks of spirituality in the Court of God promising of great reward
80
Name a source
“If Allah wants to do good to somebody, He afflicts him with friair” (Bukhari, 5645)
81
What is euthanasia regarded as?
Suicide
82
Name a quote which prohibits suicide
"Whoever commits suicide with something will be punished with the same thing in the fire” (BUKHARI 78:647)
83
What is an adherent allowed to do?
Administer palliative care that only relieve pain
84
What is Islam's stance on IVF and Artificial Insemination?
IVF is acceptable and commendable to Islam but only if it solely involves husband and wife and if its performed during the span of their marriage
85
What is unacceptable and why?
A donor because the child is not the fruit of the marriage contract and is therefore robbed of its right to legitimacy
86
Provide a source
“Do not even go near zina (fornication and/or adultery), for it is a very indecent thing and a very evil way” (17:32)
87
What is the significant practice?
The Hajj
88
What are the five pillars?
Activities and beliefs which are regarded as foundational for all who follow Islam
89
What is the fifth pillar?
The Hajj
90
What is the Hajj?
Pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia, which every adult Muslim must make at least once in his or her lifetime
91
What is the purpose of Hajj?
To answer the call of Allah, forge a stronger connection with him through making this journey and relying on him
92
When does the pilgrimage take place?
Begins on the 7th day of Dhū al-Ḥijjah (the last month of the Islamic year) and ends on the 12th day
93
Generally, how long does it go for?`
7 days
94
What is Ihram?
Sacred state. The first step of the Hajj
95
How does one get intro Irham?
Clean
Wear white garmet cloths
Make intentions
Recite Talbiya
96
What happens on the seventh, the first day of the Hajj?
- Umra
- Make seven Tawaf's around the Ka'ba
- Pray two Rak'at behind Maquam Ibrahim
- Travel seven times between the two mountains of Safa and Marwa
97
What happens on the eighth, the second day of the Hajj?
- Going to Mina (noon on the 8th)
- Make intention for Hajj
- Remain in Mina and perform five prayers
98
What happens on the ninth, the third day of the Hajj?
- Going to Afarat (morning on the 9th)
- Leave for Afarat and stay until sunset
- Glorify Allah and ask for forgiveness
- Pray
- Going to Muzdalifa (after sunset on the 9th)
- Leave for Muzdalifa
- Perform prayers
- Stay overnight and pray
99
What happens on the tenth, the fourth day of the Hajj?
- Proceed to Mina (sunrise on the 10th)
- Shortly after sunrise, leave Muzdalifa and go and stone the three buildings for the devils, seventimes each. These are called Jamra al-Aqaba
- perform nahr
- Shave head and trim hair
- Take off garmets
100
What happens on the 11th, 12th, the fifth, sixth day of the Hajj?
- After al-Zuhr prayer each day, stone the three jamrat
| - You may leave on the12th before sunset
101
What happens on the 13th, the seventh day of the Hajj?
- Go to Mecca and perofmr the tawaf. Make this the last thing you do
102
What happens after this?
It is preferable, but not compulsory to visit the prophets Mosque at Medina
103
How many visitors does the Hajj attract each year?
Around 2.5 million
