depth perception

Question 1

monocular depth cues

Answer 1

aspects of a scene that yield information about depth when viewed with only 1 eye

cues provided to each eye independently
based on top down processing

pictorial and movement based

Question 2

pictoral cues

Answer 2

occlusion
shadows
relative size
relative height
texture gradients
atmospheric perspective
linear perspective convergence

Question 3

movement based cues

Answer 3

motion parallax

Question 4

occlusion

Answer 4

when an object partially hides another object
the one that is occluded is perceived to be further away

Question 5

shadows

Answer 5

shadows cast by object provide information regarding location in depth
tell us properties of 3D shapes including faces

Question 6

relative size

Answer 6

for objects of known equal size
one that appears smaller assumed to be further away

Question 7

relative height

Answer 7

objects higher perceived as further away and smaller
objects closer to horizon appear closer than those higher

Question 8

texture gradients

Answer 8

number of similar objects equally spaced those closer or smaller seen as further away

Question 9

atmospheric perspective

Answer 9

further away an object, more air particles are between us and it
objects less sharp appear further away

Question 10

linear perspective convergence

Answer 10

linear lines converge as they move away
allow us to perceive the distance

Question 11

motion parallax

Answer 11

occurs as we move
when nearby objects move past quickly
further away move past slower

disparity in how fast images moving across retina allow us to perceive the depth

Question 12

binocular depth cues

Answer 12

convergance
retinal disparity

leas to stereoscopic vision
perception of depth we have in result of the disparity of the 2 images on our retina

Question 13

oculomotor cues

Answer 13

accommodation
retina changes to focus on objects close to us

convergence
inward turning of eyes as objects move towards us

Question 14

visual angles

Answer 14

size of which the image is being represented on retina
depends on both the stimulus and the distance from us

as objects move closer, the visual angle and size of image on retina increases

smaller objects close have same visual angle as larger objects further away

Question 15

Holway and Boring

Answer 15

participants presented with 2 luminous circles
- testing and comparison circle

comparison always 10ft away
visual angle kept constant
paticipants adjusted comparison circle to match testing circle

estimations accurate with depth cues
worse when looking through peep hole - removed motion parallax
even worse with dark curtains - shading or reflections removed

Question 16

Muller-Lyer illusion

Answer 16

unconsciously perceive fins at end of lines to represent outside and inside corners

outside = closer
inside = further away

Question 17

moon illusion

Answer 17

apparent-distance theory

horizon includes range of depth cues while the sky has none
horizon perceived as further away than sky
perceived distance greater at horizon than sky therefore appears larger at the horizon