Depressive Disorders

Question 1

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) symptoms

Answer 1

• present before age 10
• severe irritability/frustration; includes more severe than expected temper outbursts or out of proportion in intensity/length than warranted for situation
• behavioural/verbal outbursts

Question 2

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) treatment

Answer 2

• severe symptoms treated first
• psychotherapy & parent psychoeducation
• psychotropic medications if symptoms severe enough

Question 3

Major Depressive Disorder symptoms

Answer 3

major depressive episode lasting min. 2 weeks
- sad/depressed mood or loss of interest/lack of pleasure in most things
- change in eating habits
- change in sleeping habits
- psychomotor agitation
- loss of energy
- feelings of guilt/worthlessness
- reduced ability to concentrate/make decisions
- recurrent thoughts of death/suicide

Question 4

Major Depressive Disorder specifiers

Answer 4

• with anxious distress
• with mixed features
• with melancholic features
• with atypical features
• with mood-congruent psychotic features
• with mood-incongruent psychotic features
• with catatonia
• with peripartum onset
• with seasonal pattern

Question 5

Major Depressive Disorder treatment

Answer 5

combination of medication & psychotherapy

Psychotherapy:
- behavior activation therapy
- acceptance-based cognitive-behavioral therapies (ACT, MBCT)
- cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy
- interpersonal therapy
- emotion-focused therapies that are process-experiential

Medication: SSRIs

Question 6

Persistent Depressive Disorder symptoms

Answer 6

chronic, low-grade depression that persists for years & sometimes decades, robbing people of pleasure, hope, and sometimes even their lives

2 or more following symptoms:
- changes in eating habits
- sleeping too little/much
- lack of energy
- difficulty concentrating
- reduced self-esteem
- loss of hope

Question 7

Persistent Depressive Disorder treatment

Answer 7

• cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy (CBASP): modify thought & feeling patterns and improve ability to relate interpersonally
• MBCT: prevent future recurrence of depression
• interpersonal therapy: depression in older adults
• behavioural therapy
• medication: SSRIs

Question 8

Premenstural Dysphoric Disorder symptoms

Answer 8

5 premenstrual symptoms; at least one involves mood swings, depressed mood, irritability, rejection sensitivity, anxiety, or increased interpersonal conflict
- difficulty concentrating
- social withdrawal
- sleep disturbances
- overeating or food cravings
- lack of energy
- feeling overwhelmed
- physical symptoms such as headaches, bloating, or breast tenderness

Question 9

Premenstural Dysphoric Disorder treatment

Answer 9

focus on symptom reduction:
- hormones: suppress ovulation
- vitamins
- antidepressents & anxiolytics: reduce symptoms of moodiness & irritability
- exercise, lifestyle changes: reduce stress
- SSRIs between ovulation & onset of menses