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CPH 315 > Depression Quiz > Flashcards

Depression Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Which civilization first identified depression as a mental illness?

A

Ancient Greece

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2
Q

Which three ancient philosophers wrote about depression as a mental illness?

A

Hippocrates
Arataeus of Cappadoccia
Galen

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3
Q

Was did depression also used to be known as in ancient times? What is the translational breakdown of this word?

A

Melancholia

Melas = black
Khole = bile

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4
Q

What theory was depression related to? Explain this theory

A

Humoral theory of disease

Doctors thought disease was a product of an imbalance in one of the four humors

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5
Q

What were the four humors?

A

Sanguine (blood)
Phlegmatic (phlegm)
Choleric (yellow bile)
Melancholic (black bile)

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6
Q

What is the definition of depression?

A

Persistent sadness or melancholy mood that interferes with everyday functioning

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7
Q

How long do depressive symptoms have to last for a diagnosis?

A

Last for at least 2 weeks and represent a change compared to previous level of functioning (according to DSM-5)

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8
Q

List 5 symptoms of depression

A
  1. Hopelessness or pessimism
  2. Irritability or frustration
  3. Loss of interest in pleasures or hobbies
  4. Increased use of drugs or alcohol
  5. Thoughts of death or suicide attempts
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9
Q

List 6 causes of depression?

A
  1. Genetics & family history
  2. Traumatic events
  3. Chronic stress
  4. Medical problems
  5. Substance use (tobacco, alcohol)
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10
Q

Do depression symptoms differ between men and women?

A

Yes; women are more likely to experience symptoms of sadness while men are more likely to experience irratability

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11
Q

What are examples of traumatic events that can cause depression?

A

Physical or emotional abuse
Death of close family or friend
Violence

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12
Q

What are examples of chronic stressors that can cause depression?

A

Poverty
Neglect
Violence

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13
Q

What are examples of medical problems that can cause depression?

A

Cancer
Chronic pain
Stroke and dementia

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14
Q

What are three treatment options to treat depression?

A

Counseling
Medications (antidepressants)
Electroconvulsive therapy

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15
Q

Which type of therapy is this?

Helps a person recognize distorted or negative thinking with the goal of changing thoughts and behaviors to respond to challenges in a more positive manner

A

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

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16
Q

What are three goals of therapy for depression?

A

Overcoming fears or insecurities
Coping with stress
Identifying depression triggers

17
Q

What are the two types of antidepressants?

A

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)

18
Q

What are example drugs of SSRIs

A

Celexa, Lexapro, Prozac, Zoloft

19
Q

What are example drugs of SNRIs

A

Cymbalta, Effexor, Pristiq

20
Q

What is a antidepressant that is not an SSRI or SNRI?

A

Welbutrin

21
Q

Depression is one of the most common chronic diseases in the US, true or false?

A

True

22
Q

What is the US lifetime prevalence of depression and current prevalence?

A

18.5%
9%

23
Q

Is prevalence of depression higher in males or females, especially among adults?

A

Higher in females

24
Q

When does prevalence peak? Decline?

A

Peaks in teen years then declines into late adulthood

25
Q

What is the ratio of adolescent depression compared to adult?

A

Double

26
Q

Which racial demographic has the highest prevalence of depression?

A

Multiple races
Followed by AI/AN then white, then hispanic

27
Q

Which demographic is most likely to use antidepressants?

A

White adults
Those with more education

28
Q

Which demographic is most likely to receive mental health treatment?

A

White children

29
Q

Which income group has the highest prevalence of depression?

A

Low income households

30
Q

What is the overall trend for depression prevalence and antidepressant use?

A

Prevalence of depression is stable

But antidepressant use is increasing, especially among women

31
Q

What are four environmental factors that affect depression?

A

Social & tech environment
Built & transportation environment
Climate and disasters
Pollution and contamination

32
Q

What are three examples of social / technological environmental factors? Do these operate directly or indirectly?

A
  1. Physical or emotional trauma
  2. Political or religious violence
  3. Social media

Directly

33
Q

What are four examples of built / transportation environmental factors? Do these operate directly or indirectly?

A
  1. Transportation noise – mediated through annoyance
  2. Opportunities for physical activity
  3. Safety & security – mediated through chronic stress
  4. Green & blue space – means green vegetation and blue water

Indirectly through physical activity

34
Q

Do climate and disasters operate directly or indirectly?

A

Indirectly through trauma and stress

35
Q

Do pollution and contamination operate directly or indirectly?

A

Direct effects

CPH 315 (3 decks)

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