Depression Quiz Flashcards
Which civilization first identified depression as a mental illness?
Ancient Greece
Which three ancient philosophers wrote about depression as a mental illness?
Hippocrates
Arataeus of Cappadoccia
Galen
Was did depression also used to be known as in ancient times? What is the translational breakdown of this word?
Melancholia
Melas = black
Khole = bile
What theory was depression related to? Explain this theory
Humoral theory of disease
Doctors thought disease was a product of an imbalance in one of the four humors
What were the four humors?
Sanguine (blood)
Phlegmatic (phlegm)
Choleric (yellow bile)
Melancholic (black bile)
What is the definition of depression?
Persistent sadness or melancholy mood that interferes with everyday functioning
How long do depressive symptoms have to last for a diagnosis?
Last for at least 2 weeks and represent a change compared to previous level of functioning (according to DSM-5)
List 5 symptoms of depression
- Hopelessness or pessimism
- Irritability or frustration
- Loss of interest in pleasures or hobbies
- Increased use of drugs or alcohol
- Thoughts of death or suicide attempts
List 6 causes of depression?
- Genetics & family history
- Traumatic events
- Chronic stress
- Medical problems
- Substance use (tobacco, alcohol)
Do depression symptoms differ between men and women?
Yes; women are more likely to experience symptoms of sadness while men are more likely to experience irratability
What are examples of traumatic events that can cause depression?
Physical or emotional abuse
Death of close family or friend
Violence
What are examples of chronic stressors that can cause depression?
Poverty
Neglect
Violence
What are examples of medical problems that can cause depression?
Cancer
Chronic pain
Stroke and dementia
What are three treatment options to treat depression?
Counseling
Medications (antidepressants)
Electroconvulsive therapy
Which type of therapy is this?
Helps a person recognize distorted or negative thinking with the goal of changing thoughts and behaviors to respond to challenges in a more positive manner
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
What are three goals of therapy for depression?
Overcoming fears or insecurities
Coping with stress
Identifying depression triggers
What are the two types of antidepressants?
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
What are example drugs of SSRIs
Celexa, Lexapro, Prozac, Zoloft
What are example drugs of SNRIs
Cymbalta, Effexor, Pristiq
What is a antidepressant that is not an SSRI or SNRI?
Welbutrin
Depression is one of the most common chronic diseases in the US, true or false?
True
What is the US lifetime prevalence of depression and current prevalence?
18.5%
9%
Is prevalence of depression higher in males or females, especially among adults?
Higher in females
When does prevalence peak? Decline?
Peaks in teen years then declines into late adulthood
What is the ratio of adolescent depression compared to adult?
Double
Which racial demographic has the highest prevalence of depression?
Multiple races
Followed by AI/AN then white, then hispanic
Which demographic is most likely to use antidepressants?
White adults
Those with more education
Which demographic is most likely to receive mental health treatment?
White children
Which income group has the highest prevalence of depression?
Low income households
What is the overall trend for depression prevalence and antidepressant use?
Prevalence of depression is stable
But antidepressant use is increasing, especially among women
What are four environmental factors that affect depression?
Social & tech environment
Built & transportation environment
Climate and disasters
Pollution and contamination
What are three examples of social / technological environmental factors? Do these operate directly or indirectly?
- Physical or emotional trauma
- Political or religious violence
- Social media
Directly
What are four examples of built / transportation environmental factors? Do these operate directly or indirectly?
- Transportation noise – mediated through annoyance
- Opportunities for physical activity
- Safety & security – mediated through chronic stress
- Green & blue space – means green vegetation and blue water
Indirectly through physical activity
Do climate and disasters operate directly or indirectly?
Indirectly through trauma and stress
Do pollution and contamination operate directly or indirectly?
Direct effects
