Asthma Quiz Flashcards
What word does this definition correspond to?
“Chronic respiratory condition characterized by wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing that is caused by inflammation, mucus, and narrowing of the airways in the lungs”
Asthma
What are the main symptoms of asthma?
Coughing
Wheezing
Difficulty breathing
Chest tightness
Waking up at night
What is the average prevalence for children with asthma?
7%
Is asthma more prevalent in male or female children?
Male
Is asthma more prevalent in male or female adults?
Female
Does asthma commonly resolve in children? Adults?
Commonly resolves itself in children with puberty but not in adults
What are behavioral means to manage adult asthma?
Quitting smoking
Maintaining a healthy weight
What are environmental means to manage asthma?
Eliminate triggers
What are medical means to manage asthma?
Inhalers and other drugs
What are examples of outdoor asthma triggers?
Air pollution
Pollen
Weather
What are examples of indoor asthma triggers?
Dust mites
Mold and humidity
Pet dander
Cockroaches, mice, and rats
Smoke and second-hand smoke
Sprays and disinfectants
What are examples of internal asthma triggers?
Illness (cold and flu)
Strong emotions like stress or anxiety
Exercise
Where is lifetime asthma prevalence highest in the US?
Along the entire Appalachian mountain range
Along the west coast
Where is lifetime prevalence highest in the world?
Europe
North America
Australia
Japan
What is the definition of lifetime prevalence?
Prevalence of those who have EVER had asthma
What is the definition of current prevalence of asthma?
Prevalence of those who have asthma NOW
What is the definition of symptom prevalence?
Prevalence of those who experienced specific symptoms or events
In the US, what racial/ethnic groups have the highest rates of asthma?
Mixed races, non hispanic
Black, non hispanic
American Indian/Alaskan Native
Puerto rican heritage specifically
How are poverty and education related to asthma?
Poverty is associated with higher asthma prevalence
Education is association with lower asthma prevalence
What is the mediating factor between renting a home and increased likelihood of asthma?
Rented homes are more likely to have issues with rodents/pests and mold/humidity
What is the mediating factor between unemployment and increased likelihood of asthma?
If unemployed, spend more time at home
What is the mediating factor between low health literacy and increased likelihood of asthma?
Low health literacy less likely to know how to use an inhaler
What is the mediating factor between environmental/social justice and asthma?
Residence may be nearer industrial emissions
What is the trend in current asthma in adults in the US from 2001 to 2011?
Increased for NH white, NH black, and hispanic people
What behavioral factors are associated with adult-onset asthma?
Tobacco smoking
Physical activity
Diet
Obesity
Poor management of asthma
What three devices/medicines help with asthma management?
Inhalers – quick-relief bronchodilators, such as albuterol and levalbuterol
Oral corticosteroids – pill or liquid suspension that reduces inflammation in lungs, such as prednisone or methylprednisone
Peak flow meter – measures how much air is expelled from the lungs in one breath
What is the average prevalence for adults with asthma?
9%
What three things cause asthma symptoms?
Inflammation
Narrowing of the airways
Mucus
What are the other major health outcomes related to asthma?
Emergency department visits
Hospitalizations
Asthma attacks
Mortality
In which continents do we see the highest prevalence of asthma?
North America
Europe
What age group has the highest prevalence of asthma?
13-15 years old
In the US, what racial/ethnic groups have the lowest rates of asthma?
White, NH
Asian
Hispanics
Which behavior/risk factor is the biggest predictor for asthma?
Obesity
What are the two components of an asthma action plan?
Medications/treatment
Knowing & managing triggers
Write the command for the following Epi Info calculation:
Tabulate asthma by age group and stratify by sex
TABLES agegr asthma3 STRATAVAR=sex
All one line, exposure then outcome listed
Write the commannd for the following Epi Info calculation:
Recode BMI to a binary variable where less than 30 is 0, and greater than or equal to 30 is 1
RECODE _bmi5 TO _bmi5
0001-2999 = “0”
3000-9999 = “1”
Write the command for the following Epi Info calculation:
Determine the frequencies of the _bmi5 variable
FREQ _bmi5
How to calculate odds ratio
(AD)/(BC)
How to interpret an odds ratio
The odds of [outcome] are [odds ratio] times [higher or lower] if [exposed] compared to [not exposed]
