depression I

Question 1

Order of depression disorders in DSM:

Answer 1

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation – Major Depressive Disorder – persistent depressive disorder – premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Question 2

What do all depression disorders in dsm have in common, what differs?

Answer 2

common: presence of sad, empty, irritable mood that affects individuals capacity to function.
difference: duration, timing, severity, presumed etiology

Question 3

What are the symptoms of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder?

Answer 3

chronic, severe, persistent irritability temper outburst. occurs in kids 12 years or younger

Question 4

what criteria need to be met for someone to be diagnosed with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder?

Answer 4

Severe recurrent temper outbursts, inconsistent with developmental level, occurs 3 or more times per week, been present for 12 or more months, present in at least two of three setting such as home, at school, or with peers.

Question 5

Highly transdiagnostic system:

Answer 5

something being present in a lot of different mental disorders

Question 6

Comorbity:

Answer 6

when an individual has two or more distinct illnesses at the same time

Question 7

What are cardinal symptoms?

Answer 7

the primary/most important symptoms of a disorder

Question 8

What are the cardinal symptoms of major depressive disorder?

Answer 8

1. depressed mood most of the day, nearly everyday. (feeling sad, empty, hopeless)
2. Loss of interest or pleasure in all, or almost all activities most of the day, nearly everyday

Question 9

What are the two distinct symptoms having to do with reward sensitivity?

Answer 9

loss of interest and loss of pleasure

Question 10

Anhedonia:

Answer 10

more severe symptom of loss of pleasure, when you really never enjoy things you usually would enjoy

Question 11

Other than the cardinal symptoms, what are the other symptoms of MDD?

Answer 11

1. weight loss, weight gain, or decrease in appetite nearly everyday.
2. Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly everyday
3. Psychomotor agitation (state of restlessness) or retardation nearly everyday.
4. fatigue or loss of energy nearly everyday
5. feelings of worthlessness/guilt nearly everyday
6. diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness nearly everyday
7. recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or plan for committing suicide

Question 12

Criteria symptoms for diagnosing MDD:

Answer 12

1. must be present for most of the day nearly everyday.
2. must be present for at least 2 consecutive weeks
3. episode must be accompanied by clinically significant distress of impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning
4. 5 or more of the symptoms must be present, with at least one of the symptoms being one of the cardinal symptoms

Question 13

Bereavement:

Answer 13

period of grief/mourning after a death

Question 14

What is the idea of bereavement?

Answer 14

to distinguish between depression and normal sadness/grief

Question 15

Normal grief phases:

Answer 15

1. numbing/disbelief
2. yearning/searching for dead person
3. disorganization/ despair to permanent loss
4. reorganization to rebuild

Question 16

characteristics of grief:

Answer 16

have capacity for positive emotional experiences, dysphoria (general dissatisfaction with life) occurs in waves, fleeting thoughts of being with the person who died

Question 17

Persistent Depressive disorder is ____ compared to MDD

Answer 17

Less severe and more chronic

Question 18

Criteria for diagnosing Persistent Depressive disorder:

Answer 18

depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not, for at least 2 years, with two or more of the symptoms besides feeling depressed. symptoms also must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in important areas of functioning

Question 19

Symptoms of Persistent depressive disorder

Answer 19

1. poor appetite or overeating
2. insomnia or hypersomnia
3. low energy
4. low self esteem
5. poor concentration or indecisiveness
6. feelings of hopelessness

Question 20

Dysthymia:

Answer 20

chronic major depression, and double depression

Question 21

Double depression:

Answer 21

mild, but chronic form of depression. combination of persistent and major depressive disorder

Question 22

How much does PDD impact social and occupational functioning as compared to MDD?

Answer 22

effects can be as great or greater

Question 23

Specifiers:

Answer 23

diagnostic extension that accounts for variation in disorder. important for determining outcomes, direction of treatment, grouping of symptoms

Question 24

What are the specifiers?

Answer 24

1. with melancholic features
2. with atypical features
3. with catatonic features
4. with seasonal pattern
5. with permpartum onset
6. with anxious distress
7. with psychotic features
8. with mixed features

Question 25

Characteristic symptoms of someone with melancholic features specifier:

Answer 25

loss of pleasure in all activities, depression worse in morning, excessive guilt

Question 26

Characteristic symptoms of someone with atypical features specifier:

Answer 26

mood reactivity- brightens to positive events. two of the four symptoms: weight gain, hypersomnia, arms and legs feel heavy, being sensitive to interpersonal rejection

Question 27

Characteristic symptoms of someone with catatonic features specifier:

Answer 27

range of psychomotor symptoms from motor immobility to extensive psychomotor activity. such as someone staring blankly and won't respond then you speak to them, or sitting in an unusual position and won't move.

Question 28

Characteristic symptoms of someone with seasonal pattern specifier:

Answer 28

at least two or more episodes in past 2 years that have occurred at the same time (usually fall or winter seasons) and full remission at the same time

Question 29

Characteristic symptoms of someone with peripartum onset specifier:

Answer 29

mood symptoms occurred during pregnancy, or in the 4 weeks following delivery

Question 30

Characteristic symptoms of someone with anxious distress specifier:

Answer 30

feeling distressed, anxious, fear of losing control or that something bad might happen

Question 31

Characteristic symptoms of someone with psychotic features specifier:

Answer 31

delusions of hallucinations present, feelings of guilt and worthlessness. Mood congruent (delusions/ hallucinations in line with depressive themes) or mood incongruent

Question 32

Characteristic symptoms of someone with mixed features specifier:

Answer 32

increased energy, elevated/ expansive mood, talkative. mania like but doesn't meet criteria for bipolar

Question 33

Remission:

Answer 33

lessening of the severity of the disease

Question 34

Specify remission if:

Answer 34

in partial remission: symptoms of previous episode are present, but full criteria are not met, or period lasting less than 2 months without any significant symptoms of major depressive episode in full remission: during the past 2 months or more, no significant signs of symptoms

Question 35

Mild severity and how many symptoms have to be present?:

Answer 35

few, if any symptoms present. symptom intensity distressing but manageable. 5-6 symptoms must be present

Question 36

Moderate severity and how many symptoms have to be present?:

Answer 36

the number and intensity of symptoms or functional impairment are between those specified for mild and severe. 7-8 symptoms required

Question 37

Severe severity:

Answer 37

number of symptoms in excess of that required to make diagnosis, symptom intensity is seriously distressing and unmanageable. really interferes with social and occupational functioning. all 9 symptoms must be present

Question 38

Specify course:

Answer 38

single: having one major depressive episode recurrent: having more than one major depressive episode. must be an interval of at least 2 consecutive months between current and previous episode

Question 39

What do you have to specify for depressive disorders?

Answer 39

come up with specifier, specify remission, specify severity, specify course

Question 40

are specifiers specific for certain categories?

Answer 40

yes, sometimes

Question 41

Specifiy for PDD if:

Answer 41

early onset: before age 21 late onset: 21 or older

Question 42

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder diagnostic criteria:

Answer 42

at least 5 symptoms must be present before period, improve after onset of period, become minimal or absent in the week after period

Question 43

symptoms of PMDD:

Answer 43

1. mood swings 2. irritability or anger or increased interpersonal conflicts 3. depressed mood, feelings of hopelessness, self deprecating thoughts, 4. loss of interest in activities 5. lack of energy