depression (approach)

Question 1

cognitive approach to EXPLAINING depression

Answer 1

Beck’s negative triad
Ellis’ ABC model

Question 2

Beck’s negative triad

Answer 2

1) FAULTY INFORMATION PROCESSING
- if depressed we tend to focus only on the negative aspects of life and ignore anything positive
2) NEGATIVE SELF SCHEMA
- interpret information about ourselves in a negative way
3) THE NEGATIVE TRIAD
- negative view of the worldd
- negative view of the future
- negative view of the self

Question 3

Ellis’ ABC model

Answer 3

A = activating event
B = beliefs, or depression these beliefs are irrational
C = consequences, rational beliefs lead to healthy emotions and the ability to have a ‘normal’ life
- irrational beliefs lead to unhealthy emotions and could develop into depression

Question 4

evaluation of cognitive EXPLANATIONS

Answer 4

real world application
research support
ethics

Question 5

real world application : EVALUATION OF COGNITIVE EXPLANATIONS

Answer 5

Beck’s Depression Inventory (DBI) allows us to assess depressive symptom in patients and develop cognitive therapies
Ellis developed REBT which can challenge irrational belief and relieve depressive symptoms

Question 6

research support : EVALUATION OF COGNITIVE EXPLANATIONS

Answer 6

Boury et al
- monitored students negative thoughts with Becks BDI
- found that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel helpless about the future

Question 7

ethics : EVALUATION OF COGNITIVE EXPLANATIONS

Answer 7

• the cognitive approach blame the patient for their depresion
• fails to acknowledge other influences other than their on irrational thoughts

Question 8

cognitive approach to TREATING depression

Answer 8

Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
Ellis’ Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy

Question 9

Beck’s Cognitive Therapy

Answer 9

• aims to challenge irrational and dysfuntinal thought processes
• identifying and testing the negative beliefs
• they may have homework to complete in which they record positive events

Question 10

Ellis’ Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy

Answer 10

• effective disputing can change the way we think about things and allow for more rational thought processing
• adds ‘DEF’ steps to the ABC mode
  D = dispute
  E = effect
  F = feelings
• different type of disputing use logic, empirical evidence and pragmatic disputing

Question 11

evaluation of cognitive TREATMENTS

Answer 11

effectiveness
time consuming
effects are not immediate

Question 12

effectiveness : EVALUATION OF COGNITIVE TREATMENT

Answer 12

March et al
- compared CBT with drugs and a combination of the two in 327 adolesents
81% of CBT improved
81% of drug group improved
86% of combination improved
- CBT is just a effective as antidepressants and works well alongside drugs

Question 13

time consuming : EVALUATION OF COGNITIVE TREATMENT

Answer 13

• cognitive therapy is time consuming and expensive
• there can be waiting lists
• relapse rates can be high in the long term

Shehzad Ali et al
- 53% within a year relapse

Question 14

effects are not immediate : EVALUATION OF COGNITIVE TREATMENT

Answer 14

• can’t be used for severe cases
• the patient must wait until the drug kicks in and which makes them more alert and motivated to take part