characteristics

Question 1

behavioural characteristics of phobias

Answer 1

PANIC
- crying, screaming, running way, fight/flight
AVOIDANCE
- effort to keep away from the phobic stimulus
- makes it hard to go about daily life
ENDURANCE
- in unavoidable situations (e.g. flying)
- continuous and extreme anxiety

Question 2

emotional characteristics of phobias

Answer 2

EXCESSIVE FEAR + UNPLEASANT STATE OF HIGH AROUSAL
- prevents the sufferer relaxing and cannot experience positive emotion
- fear is immediate and an extremely unpleasant response we experience when we encounter/think about the phobic stimulus

Question 3

cognitive characteristics of phobias

Answer 3

IRRATIONAL THOUGHTS
- the person know their fear is excessive
SELECTIVE ATTENTION
- thinking resists rational arguments about the phobia and they find it difficult to focus their attention elsewhere

Question 4

behavioural characteristics of depression

Answer 4

LOW LEVELS OF ENERGY
- letharic
- withdrawn from work/social life
- extreme cases cannot get out of bed
PSYCHOMOTOR AGITATION
- struggle to relax
DISRUPTION TO SLEEP
- insomnia or hypersomnia
APPETITE INCREASE OR DECREASE
- affecting weight
VERBAL AGGRESSION
- ending a relationship or job
- or physical aggression (self harm)

Question 5

emotional characteristics of depression

Answer 5

LOWERED MOOD
- worthless
- empty
ANGER
- at self or others
- may lead to self-harming
LOW SELF-ESTEEM
- self-loathing

Question 6

cognitive characteristics of depression

Answer 6

poor levels of CONCENTRATION
- unable to stick with a task
BLACK AND WHITE THINKING
- pay more attention to negative aspects of a situation and ignore positives
RECALL UNHAPPY EVENTS
- tend to recall unhappy events rather than happy ones

Question 7

behavioural characteristics of OCD

Answer 7

COMPULSIONS
- compelled to repeat a behaviour
- reduces anxiety

Question 8

emotional characteristics of OCD

Answer 8

IRRATIONAL FEAR
- characterised by anxiety
- repeat behaviours helps manage anxiety
DEPRESSION
- compulsions only bring temporary relief
IRRATIONAL GUILT
- disgust

Question 9

cognitive characteristics of OCD

Answer 9

OBSESSIONS
- intrusive thoughts
- recurring over again
COPING STRATEGIES
- praying, can be distracting
SELECTIVE ATTENTION
- towards their anxiety