Depression Flashcards
affective symptoms
way ppl act emotionally and ability to feel emotions
cognitive symptoms
ability to rationalize, remember, and concentrate at usual level, thoughts about self, others, and intentions
behavioral symptoms
way someone behaves, what activities they do/withdraw from, psychomotor movements
somatic symptoms
physical changes experienced by individual
list affective symptoms
sadness, despair, absence of feeling, failure to display interest/pleasure in activities, guilty
cognitive symptoms list
suicidal thoughts, negative schema, impaired thought process, paranoia
behavioral symptoms list
low sex drive, withdrawal from family/friends, suicide attempt, stop socializing/self care, activities take longer to complete
somatic symptoms list
lack of energy, palpitations, stomach aches, headaches, assorted aches/pains, weight loss from loss of appetite, insomnia
percent of pop w/ depression
15%
percent likely to get again after having it once
80%
percent women more likely to get
70%
how many weeks of continuous low mood considered as depression
two or more
SAD generally happens for what ages
18-30
etiology
causation/origination
socio-cultural etiology
vulnerability model (risk factors, protective factors, triggers), diathesis model (combo of hereditary and environment)
Brown vulnerability model study
aimed to see etiologies of depression in women, sampled 458 women treated in hospitals for depression, most had life-changing events, ppl w/ kids had higher risk, 22% working class
pros: big sample (generalization potential)
cons: cultural factors not taken in account
biological etiology
serotonin responsible for mental wellbeing, too much during absorption can lead to reuptake or MAO breakdown -> low levels -> depression
Serotonin Teuting study
urine samples, people w/ depression had lower levels of serotonin, result of MAO breakdown (correlation)
cognitive etiology
learned helplessness (Seligman): learning you are helpless lowers self-esteem and leads to withdrawal and faulty attributions
Seligman learned helplessness dog study
dog on floor w/ electrodes, had to jump over wall to safety, made wall higher so dog failed, dog eventually stopped trying and didn’t try when wall was lowered, dog learnt he was incapable of jumping across which lowered self-esteem
pros: controlled (no confounding variables), animal insight
cons: unethical (no right to withdraw), lab (low validity), induced fear and depression
