Depression

Question 1

affective symptoms

Answer 1

way ppl act emotionally and ability to feel emotions

Question 2

cognitive symptoms

Answer 2

ability to rationalize, remember, and concentrate at usual level, thoughts about self, others, and intentions

Question 3

behavioral symptoms

Answer 3

way someone behaves, what activities they do/withdraw from, psychomotor movements

Question 4

somatic symptoms

Answer 4

physical changes experienced by individual

Question 5

list affective symptoms

Answer 5

sadness, despair, absence of feeling, failure to display interest/pleasure in activities, guilty

Question 6

cognitive symptoms list

Answer 6

suicidal thoughts, negative schema, impaired thought process, paranoia

Question 7

behavioral symptoms list

Answer 7

low sex drive, withdrawal from family/friends, suicide attempt, stop socializing/self care, activities take longer to complete

Question 8

somatic symptoms list

Answer 8

lack of energy, palpitations, stomach aches, headaches, assorted aches/pains, weight loss from loss of appetite, insomnia

Question 9

percent of pop w/ depression

Answer 9

15%

Question 10

percent likely to get again after having it once

Answer 10

80%

Question 11

percent women more likely to get

Answer 11

70%

Question 12

how many weeks of continuous low mood considered as depression

Answer 12

two or more

Question 13

SAD generally happens for what ages

Answer 13

18-30

Question 14

etiology

Answer 14

causation/origination

Question 15

socio-cultural etiology

Answer 15

vulnerability model (risk factors, protective factors, triggers), diathesis model (combo of hereditary and environment)

Question 16

Brown vulnerability model study

Answer 16

aimed to see etiologies of depression in women, sampled 458 women treated in hospitals for depression, most had life-changing events, ppl w/ kids had higher risk, 22% working class

pros: big sample (generalization potential)
cons: cultural factors not taken in account

Question 17

biological etiology

Answer 17

serotonin responsible for mental wellbeing, too much during absorption can lead to reuptake or MAO breakdown -> low levels -> depression

Question 18

Serotonin Teuting study

Answer 18

urine samples, people w/ depression had lower levels of serotonin, result of MAO breakdown (correlation)

Question 19

cognitive etiology

Answer 19

learned helplessness (Seligman): learning you are helpless lowers self-esteem and leads to withdrawal and faulty attributions

Question 20

Seligman learned helplessness dog study

Answer 20

dog on floor w/ electrodes, had to jump over wall to safety, made wall higher so dog failed, dog eventually stopped trying and didn’t try when wall was lowered, dog learnt he was incapable of jumping across which lowered self-esteem

pros: controlled (no confounding variables), animal insight
cons: unethical (no right to withdraw), lab (low validity), induced fear and depression