Depression

Question 1

what is the weak genetic link of unipolar depression?

Answer 1

possibly SERT mutation

Question 2

what is the strong familial link of bipolar depression?

Answer 2

link to ankyrin G (scaffolding protein) and L calcium channel

Question 3

what are the 2 main treatments for bipolar?

Answer 3

lithium and ECT

Question 4

a polymorphism is

Answer 4

a subtle change in the gene

Question 5

psychology therapy includes

Answer 5

freuds psychotherapy and skinners CBT

Question 6

3 types of antidepressant drug:

Answer 6

enzyme inhibitors, uptake inhibitors, presynaptic receptor antagonists

Question 7

MAOIs are

Answer 7

enzyme inhibitors

Question 8

TCAs, SSRIs, and NSRIs are

Answer 8

uptake inhibitors

Question 9

atypicals are

Answer 9

presynaptic receptor antagonists

Question 10

ECT induces electroshock unilaterally to

Answer 10

reduce memory loss

Question 11

how do MAOIs work?

Answer 11

by inhibiting breakdown of 5HT and NA

Question 12

what are the problems with MAOIs?

Answer 12

diet interactions (cheese reaction) and not much more effective than placebo

Question 13

how do TCA,SSRI and NSRIs work?

Answer 13

by blocking the uptake of 5ht, na, or both(TCA)

Question 14

What are the problems associated with TCAS?

Answer 14

toxic if OD and many adverse effects

Question 15

What are the problems associated with SSRIs?

Answer 15

less toxic than TCA but personality changes

Question 16

What are the problems associated with NSRIs?

Answer 16

less toxic than TCA but insomnia

Question 17

What are the problems associated with atypicals?

Answer 17

weight gain and not much more effect than placebo

Question 18

how do atypicals work?

Answer 18

by blocking the presynaptic receptors of NA and 5ht

Question 19

what is the possible active ingredient in st Johns Wort and what is its suggested mechanism/

Answer 19

hyperforin, suggested to block 5ht, but only at concentrations much higher than possible in vivo

Question 20

how does hyperforin affect other drugs taken?

Answer 20

it induces enzymes ex CYP3A4 which means it interacts with the pharmacokinetics of other drugs taken

Question 21

which 2 animal models of depression were deemed unethical?

Answer 21

learned helplessness (seligman 1965)
primate mother-baby separation (bowlby, 1958)

Question 22

what animal model is used now?

Answer 22

swimming mouse to platform

Question 23

how does investigation of drug treatments provide a model for cause of depression?

Answer 23

since they all increase the functional availability of NA and/or 5HT, logical assumption is that depression is due to a deficit of one or both.

Question 24

na is produced from

Answer 24

tyrosine to dopamine to na

Question 25

5ht is produced from

Answer 25

tryptphan to 5ht

Question 26

tca an ssri act at

Answer 26

sert

Question 27

atypicals act at

Answer 27

5ht1 receptor

Question 28

na pathway:

Answer 28

LC to amygdala, hyp, cortex

Question 29

5ht pathway:

Answer 29

raphe nucleus to cortex, amyg., striatum, thal., hippo., cortex, cerebellum.