Depression Flashcards
What are the three behavioural categories of depression ?
Reduced activity levels, disrupted sleeping and eating patterns, aggressive acts.
What are the three Emotional characteristics ?
Lowered mood, anger, lowered self-esteem.
What are the three cognitive characteristics?
Poor concentration, absolutist thinking, attending the negatives.
What is poor concentration?
The person may find themselves unable to stick with a task or find simple decision-making difficult.
What is Anger ?
These emotions lead to behaviours like self-harming.
What is aggressive acts?
Such as self-harming.
What is reduced activity levels?
People with depression may feel lethargic and struggle to get out of bed.
What is Absolutist thinking?
“Black and white” thinking, when a situation is unfortunate it seems like a disaster.
what is Lowered self-esteem ?
The person likes themselves less, even self-loathing.
What Lowered mood?
People with depression describe themselves as ‘worthless’ and ‘ empty’.
What is disrupted-sleeping and eating patterns ?
Reduced sleep (insomnia) or increased sleep ( hypersomnia), appetite and weight may increase or decrease.
What is attending the negatives ?
Depressed people have a bias towards focusing on negative aspects of situations.
What are cognitions ?
Thought processes that are internal and private.
What are examples of cognitions ?
Concentration, memory, humour, attention, perception, language, logic.
What is a schema ?
Cognitive shortcuts that prepares the brain for what it sees.(paths of information)
What does the cognitive approach assume depression is due to ?
Depression is caused by people’s negative and rational thoughts.
What is Beck’s theory ?
Beck believed depression was due to three things: faulty information processing, negative self-schemas and the negative triad.
What is Catastrophising ?
Where relatively normal events are perceived as disasters.
What is black and white thinking ?
A tendency to classify everything into one of two extreme categories, e.g success and failure.
What Arbitrary inferences ?
Drawing negative conclusions without having the evidence to support them.
What is negative traid?
They are negative views about: the self, the future and the world.
What is Ellis’s theory ?
That depression is caused by irrational thoughts.
What is Activating event ?
Traumatic occurrence in someones life
What does beliefs about the event mean ?
depressed people think irrational whereas non-depressed people think rational.
