Depression Flashcards
what is depression?
a mental disorder characterised by low mood and low energy levels
what are the DSM-5 categories of depression?
- major depressive disorder
- persistent depressive disorder
- disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
- premenstrual dysphoric disorder
what is a major depressive disorder?
the severe but often short term depression
what is a persistent depressive disorder?
long term or recurring depression including sustained major depression
what is a disruptive mood dysregulation disorder?
childhood temper tantrums
what is a premenstrual dysphoric disorder?
disruption to mood prior to and/or during menstruation
What are the 3 behavioural characteristics of depression?
- anxiety levels
- Disruption to sleep and eating behaviour
- Self-harm and aggression
Behaviour: ANXIETY LEVELS
- reduced levels of energy
- people tend to withdraw from work education and social life
- psychomotor agitation - where individuals struggle to relax and end up pacing up and down a room
Behaviour : DISRUPTION TO SLEEP AND EATING BEHAVIOUR
- insomnia
- hypersomnia
- Eating may increase or decrease leading to weight gain or loss
Behaviour : aggression and self harm
- people are often irritable and cases they are verbally and physically aggressive
- knock on effect on elements of life
- Suicide attempts
What are the emotional characteristics of depression?
- Lowered mood
- Anger
- Lowered self esteem
emotional: LOWERED MOOD
- feeling sad daily
- describe themselves as worthless and empty
emotional: ANGER
- more negative than positive emotions
- extreme anger
- directed at the self or others
- lead to aggression or self-harming
emotional: LOWERED SELF ESTEEM
- extreme = ate themselves
- lower than usual
what are the cognitive characteristics of depression?
- poor concentration
- attending to and dwelling on the negative
- absolutist thinking
cognitive: poor concentration
- unable to stick with a task
- find it hard to make decisions that were once easy
cognitive: attending to and dwelling on the negative
- pay more attention to negative aspects
- bias towards recalling unhappy events
cognitive: absolutist thinking
- black and white thinking
- the unfortunate situation is seen as an absolute disaster
