Depression

Question 1

What are the 3 Core CF of Depression? (3 things)

Answer 1

1. Low mood
2. Anhedonia
3. Fatigue

Question 2

What is the Monoamine Hypothesis for depression?

Answer 2

States that depression = caused by depletion in monoamines in CNS

e.g Serotonin (5-HT) + Noradrenaline (NA)

Question 3

What are the CF of Depression? (9 things)

Answer 3

1. Sleep (increased / decreased)
2. Concentration (low)
3. Anhedonia
4. Worthlessness / guilt
5. Depressed mood
6. Energy (low aka Fatigue)
7. Appetite (low / high)
8. Low self confidence / esteem
9. Suicidal ideas / actions

SCAW DEALS

Question 4

What will the results of a Mental State Examination show in a Depressed person? (ASEPTIC)

Answer 4

Appearance // Behaviour = Unkempt + Poor hygiene // Closed posture + Poor eye contact

Speech = Monotone + Long pauses

Emotion = Objectively + Subjectively low mood

Perceptions = 2nd Person Aud Hallucination (you are useless)

Thoughts = Worthlessness + Guilt + Self harm + Suicidal

Insight = Recognises der unwell (unless severe pychotic depression)

Cognition = Reduced Concentration + Recall

Question 5

What Questionnaires help to assess the severity of Depression? (2 things)

Answer 5

1. PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire 9)
2. HADS (Hospital Anxiety + Depression Scale)

Question 6

How does the PHQ-9 work to grade depression?

Answer 6

9 questions

In the last 2 weeks, how often have these symptoms affected you?

• Not at all = 0
• Severel days = 1
• More than half the days = 2
• Nearly everyday = 3

Out of 27, includes qs abt suicide

Depression Severity:

• 0-4 None
• 5-9 Mild
• 10-14 Moderate
• 15-19 Moderately severe
• 20-27 Severe

Question 7

What are the management options for Depression? (2 things)

Answer 7

1. Antidepressants (SSRIs / SNRIs / NDRIs)
2. CBT