Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geography Physical landscapes > Depositional landforms > Flashcards

Depositional landforms Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

what does deposition form?

A

beaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where are depositional landforms most common?

A

lowland coasts, beaches are the most common depositional landform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are beaches?

A

beaches are accumulations of sand and shingle deposited by waves and currents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where does the sediment on a beach come from?

A

cliff erosion but most is brought down to the coast by rivers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the two different types of beaches?

A

-swash aligned
-drift aligned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

swash aligned

A

beaches where waves approach parallel to the shore and break with swash moving directly up the beach and the backwash returning directly back, these form wide beaches with an even shoreline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how do you identify a swash aligned beach on a photograph?

A

the lines are parallel to the coastline (berms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what’s an example of a swash aligned beach?

A

chesil beach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

drift aligned

A

form when waves approach the beach at an angle resulting n swash moving diagonally up the beach and the backwash returning though gravity, these beaches have an uneven profile especially when groynes have been used to slow the long short drift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how do you identify a drift aligned beach on a photograph?

A

most likely a straight coastline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is an example of a drift aligned beach?

A

west wittering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why are pebble beaches steep?

A

A strong swash and a weak backwash causes deposition, on a pebble beach the water goes through the gaps in the rocks and goes back to the sea under/through the rocks. This means lots of material is put into the beach but very little is pulled back into the sea which causes it to be very steep.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

nearshore

A

the breaker zone where waves break

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

backshore

A

an area that is not usually affected by waves, so the sand is usually dry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

foreshore

A

the inter-tidal zone repeatedly covered, then uncovered by changing tides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

offshore

A

fairly far out to sea where the waves do not break

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

beach profile`

A

shows the gradient from the back of the beach to the sea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what kind of bay is a sandy beach formed in?

A

a sheltered bay as low-energy constructive waves transport material onto the shore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the main type of transportation used to form sand dunes?

A

saltation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how are sand dunes formed?

A
  1. wind pushes sand grains along by saltation
  2. sand grains start piling up as something has trapped the sand at the back of the beach (e.g. seaweed or driftwood)
  3. more sand piles up
    4.the dune stops growing at the high water mark, this is where the highest tide reaches
  4. the dune becomes stabilised by grasses such as Marram or Lyme growing on the new dune
  5. as the dune is growing another embryo dune is forming in front of it (closer to the sea) over time the new dunes get closer and closer to the sea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what conditions are needed for a sand dune to form?

A

-large flat beach
-good supply of sand from the seabed that gets deposited on the beach
-a large tidal range
-a regular onshore wind
-an obstacle

22
Q

why is a large flat beach important for sand dunes to form?

A

have enough room for the dunes to form without being swept away by waves/tides

23
Q

why is a good supply of sand from the seabed important for sand dunes to form?

A

to create dunes at the back of the beach

24
Q

why is a large tidal range important for sand dunes to form?

A

to expose large amounts of sand at low tide

25
Q

why is a regular onshore wind important for sand dunes to form?

A

to move the sand to the back of the beach

26
Q

why is an obstacle important for sand dunes to form?

A

to trap the sand

27
Q

embryo dune

A

a newly formed sand dune closest to the sea

28
Q

marram grass

A

a plant found in sand dunes that has long, binding roots

29
Q

crest

A

top of a sand dune

30
Q

windward slope

A

slope that faces the wind

31
Q

leeward slope

A

the slope that faces away from the wind

32
Q

dune slack

A

where there is a trough or low point in a line of dunes

33
Q

water table

A

the upper horizontal limit of wet sand

34
Q

describe a spit

A

-beaches joined to the coast at one end
-at their seaward end, shingle ridges form a series of recurves or hooks

35
Q

where do spits often develop?

A

across river mouths or where the direction of the coastline changes abruptly

36
Q

what process causes spits to form?

A

longshore drift

37
Q

what’s tucked away behind spits?

A

quiet backwaters that waves cannot reach, where tidal currents deposit fine silt and build up mudflats and salt marshes

38
Q

name some depositional landforms

A

-spits
-bars
-beach
-sand dunes

39
Q

describe bars

A

-bars are extended spits that join up to another headland

40
Q

how do bars form?

A

due to the lack of a strong river current that would wash the sediment away like in the tidal race of a spit

41
Q

give an example of a bar

A

Slapton Sands in Devon

42
Q

what is a tombolo?

A

when a spit extends and joins with an island

43
Q

what’s the difference between a barrier bar and a submerged bar?

A

a barrier bar touches the land and has a salt lagoon behind it whereas the submerged bar doesn’t

44
Q

what are the different types of coastal management?

A

-hard engineering
-soft engineering

45
Q

what are the different types of hard engineering?

A

-sea walls
-groynes
-rock armour
-gabions

46
Q

describe sea walls

A

a wall made out of a hard material like concrete that reflects waves back to the sea, placed at the top of the beach or the foot of the cliffs

47
Q

describe groynes

A

timber or rock structures built out to sea from the coast (at right angles), they trap sediment being moved along by longshore drift

48
Q

describe rock armour

A

pieces of large boulders dumped at the foot of the cliff, rocks force waves to break, absorbing their energy and protecting the cliffs

49
Q

describe gabions

A

wire cages filled with rocks that can be built up to support a cliff or provide a buffer against the sea

50
Q

what are the benefits of sea walls?

A

-effective against erosion
-gives a sense of security against flooding
-often has walkway or promenade for people to walk along

51
Q

what are the benefits of groynes?

A

-creates a wider beach which slows the waves, giving more protection which is beneficial for the tourists
-not too expensive
-useful structures for fishing

Geography Physical landscapes (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions