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midterm > Dental Office Emergencies > Flashcards

Dental Office Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is also known as

A

a stroke

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2
Q

what is usually the first sign or symptom of a cerebral embolism?

A

a mild headache

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3
Q

a cerebral _____ occurs when an artery ruptures and fills the cranium with blood, resulting in increased pressure within the cranium….

A

cerebral hemorrhage

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4
Q

a cerebral ____ occurs when there is an obstruction of a cerebral artery caused by the local formation of a clot within the artery

A

cerebral thrombosis

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5
Q

a cerebral ______ results from the disruption of arterial blood supplied from the heart to the brain

A

a cerebral infarction

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6
Q

many people who experience a transient ischemic attack (TIA) report feeling….

A

pins and needles

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7
Q

which medical condition indicates that a patient is experiencing a severe cerebrovascular accident ( CVA) ?

A

unconciousness

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8
Q

F A S T stands for

A

face
arm
speech
time

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9
Q

if the dental patient suffers from an asthma attack and the bronchodilator does not provide relief, it may be necessary for the dentist to administer _____ immediately

A

epinephrine

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10
Q

which type of asthma is also referred to as infectious asthma

A

intrinsic

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11
Q

which form of asthma will not respond to normal drug therapy

A

status asthmaticus

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12
Q

what is the main cause of asthma attacks in the dental office?

A

anxiety

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13
Q

if a patient is experiencing an asthma attack what position should they be positioned in

A

upright

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14
Q

if a patient is hyperventilating, the dental team may have the patient……

A

breathe into a bag

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15
Q

the most common cause of hyperventilation is

A

anxiety

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16
Q

why is hyperventilation rare with children

A

children tend to express their fear and feelings openly

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17
Q

why is it important to continue the heimlich maneuver after the patient loses consciousness

A

the patients muscles may relax during unconsciousness, facilitating the removal of the object

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18
Q

why does the patient who is hyperventilating have difficulty breathing

A

bc the lack of carbon dioxide, the patient must work harder to inhale and exhale

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19
Q

what is a effective treatment for hyperventilation

A

have the patient hold their breath for several seconds

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20
Q

the mouth and nose first empty into a common passage called the

A

pharynx

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21
Q

what is the universal distress signal to indicate complete airway obstruction

A

clutching throat with hands

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22
Q

the Heimlich maneuver requires manual thrust, which

A

forces air through the trachea

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23
Q

why is airway obstruction a potential danger associated with dental treatment

A

bc the patient is in a reclined position

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24
Q

during a cricothyrotomy the airway must be maintained by

A

placing a finger into the incision

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25
Q

while performing the Heimlich maneuver Manuel thrust should be administered as ____ thrust or alternatively as ____ thrusts for obese or pregnant patients

A

abdominal thrust or chest thrusts

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26
Q

how should an unconscious patient be positioned during the Heimlich manuever

A

supine

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27
Q

what is the biggest risk associated with the finger sweep

A

the object causing the obstruction may be pushed into the esophagus

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28
Q

if experiencing a complete airway obstruction and no help is available, you can dislodge the object yourself by….

A

administering self abdominal thrusts

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29
Q

which chamber of the heart receives blood from the lungs

A

right atrium

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30
Q

the ______ pumps blood to all parts of the body except the lungs

A

aorta

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31
Q

atherosclerosis is characterized by _____ coronary arteries

A

thickening and hardening of

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32
Q

angina is characterized by episodes of ____ that occur when the heart experiences oxygen deficiency

A

pain

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33
Q

what is not a symptom or sign of a myocardial infarction

A

stridor

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34
Q

what type of angina is least responsive to nitroglycerin

A

unstable angina

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35
Q

what is true of a myocardial infarction

A

a common cause of a myocardial infarction is atherosclerosis

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36
Q

because a ____ can lead to a ____, it is important to minimize the stress of the patient during a dental appointment

A

angina attack,

myocardial infarction

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37
Q

what is a myocardial infarction

A

death of myocardium tissue resulting from oxygen starvation

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38
Q

what is a side effect of nitroglycerin

A

postural hypotension

39
Q

how should a patient experiencing an angina episode be positioned

A

however they are most comfortable

40
Q

when administer sublingually, nitroglycerin should begin to relieve symptoms associated with angina w/in

A

90 seconds

41
Q

hypertension can result in serious conditions such as ___ or cardiac arrest

A

stroke

42
Q

when is the placatory radial systolic reading recorded

A

when no pulse rate is felt at the radial artery

43
Q

what is a normal blood pressure reading

A

less than 120/80

44
Q

the _____ artery is generally used for recording the pulse during a routine exam and the ____ artery is used during an emergency

A

radial;

carotid

45
Q

the average range for the pulse reading of an adult is _____ bpm

A

60-80 bpm

46
Q

to record the patients respirations accurately, the patient should ____

A

be unaware that someone is watching them breathe

47
Q

a normal range for respirations is ___

A

12-20 rpm

48
Q

what is the normal temperature range for someone over the age of 70

A

96-99

49
Q

another term for syncope if ___

A

common faint

50
Q

what is the body initial physical response to a stress, which could result in syncope

A

dilation of the vascular bed causes large amounts of blood to be pumped to the muscles of the arms and legs

51
Q

what are the signs of pre syncope

A

pale skin, cold sweat

52
Q

if a patience experiences syncope, what position should they be placed in

A

trendelenburg position, which is supine position with the feet elevated

53
Q

what type of capsule can be used to help stimulate the breathing of a patient who is experiencing syncope

A

ammonia

54
Q

oxygen can be very dangerous bc it can be flammable with __ or ____ based products

A

oil or petroluem

55
Q

an office emergency routine is a definitive emergency plan ….

A

indicating the responsibilities of each member of the dental team to ensure the safety of the patient in a medical emergency

56
Q

what is a responsibility of the dental auxiliary during a dental office emergency

A

assist the dentist by preparing emergency drugs

57
Q

what is the role of the receptionist during a dental office emergency

A

contact emergency medical services

58
Q

what is the best way for a dental office to handle emergencies

A

an emergency should be simulated, with each person performing his or her assigned functions

59
Q

when operating an oxygen tank it is important to adjust the flowmeter to the point at which it is releasing ___ liters of oxygen

A

4-6

60
Q

what is the purpose of the demand valve resuscitator

A

it forces oxygen into the lungs of a person who is not breathing

61
Q

which oxygen tank attachment allows the pressure going to the patient to be released at a reduced rate

A

a flowmeter

62
Q

found in emergency dental kits, an ampule is a

A

single dose of a drug used to fill a syringe

63
Q

the ______ should be obtained on every patient coming into the office

A

health history

64
Q

a normal patient would be classified as ….

A

ASA class I

65
Q

when is the physicians dest reference (PDR) is compiled?

A

every year

66
Q

what information is generally not included on a medical history form

A

blood type

67
Q

medical conditions included on the medical history form should be listed by their common name, so that the conditions can be easily understood by the ?

A

patient

68
Q

the medical history form consists primarily of

A

yes or no questions

69
Q

when reviewing the medical history form, the dental auxiliary should verbally question the patient on….

A

any conflicting answer or items of concern

70
Q

a portion of the _____ established rules and regulations to safeguard protected health information (PHI)

A

health insurance probability and accountability act

71
Q

how often should a patients medical history be updates

A

each time the patient returns to the office for a routine visit

72
Q

it is extremely important to have an up to date drug resource because ____ change at such a rapid pace

A

medications

73
Q

when recording information about a patients medications, what should the dental auxiliary call particular attention to

A

the side effects associated with the medications

74
Q

why is it particularly critical to review a patients medical history

A

to see if there are any contraindications with their medications

75
Q

a diabetic coma can result from

A

hyperglycemia

76
Q

what is not a potential cause of a seizure disorder

A

dementia

77
Q

what is the most common type of seizure

A

grand mal

78
Q

what is the correct phases of a grand Mal seizure

A

prodromal
convulsion
postictal

79
Q

what happens during the tonic stage of a grand Mal seizure

A

the patients body stiffens and becomes rigid

80
Q

petit mal seizures are also referred to as

A

absence seizures

81
Q

status epileptics is characterized by

A

continuous seizure activity

82
Q

a dental office is a likely setting for epileptic seizures bc

A

of the stress associated with dental treatments

83
Q

patients with seizure disorders may take the drug Dilantin, which causes dilantin hyperplasia; a condition characterized by

A

the overgrowth of gingival tissue

84
Q

diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that occurs bc of a deficiency in or complete lack of ____ in the body

A

insulin

85
Q

what is the relationship between glucose and insulin

A

insuline is required to facilitate the transport of glucose Into cells

86
Q

insulin is produced in the

A

pancreas

87
Q

in a diabetic patient, an imbalance in ____ levels in the blood result in microvascular disease, microvascular disease, or neuropathy

A

glucose

88
Q

which is an accurate statement regarding type I diabetes

A

daily injections of insulin are required

89
Q

why must the dental team take extra precautions with a diabetic patient; causing as little trauma as possible to the oral tissue

A

diabetic patients have problems healing and are prone to infection

90
Q

what is the cause gestational diabetes

A

placental hormones have a blocking effect on insulin

91
Q

oral hypoglycemics are medication that

A

lower blood sugar

92
Q

a _____ can result from having too little glucose in the body

A

insulin shock

93
Q

a person with hyperglycemia exhibits increased

A

thirst and urination

94
Q

what should be administered to an unconscious patient experiencing hypoglycemia

A

glucagon

midterm (4 decks)

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