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Dental Mix > Dental Mix > Flashcards

Dental Mix Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Accretion ?

A

Accumulation of plaque and calculus

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2
Q

Woody et al 2018 “Transposition of mandibular molars in dog”
What is Tooth transposition

A

Position of interchange of 2 adjacent teeth

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3
Q

Woody et al 2018 “Transposition of mandibular molars in dog” Define complete transposition

A

When crowns and roots of involved teeth have exchanged places

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4
Q

Woody et al 2018 “Transposition of mandibular molars in dog” Define incomplete transition

A

Crowns are transported but roots remain in their normal position

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5
Q

What is monophyodont ?

A

Single set of teeth that lasts for the entire lifespan Rodents

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6
Q

Define diphyodont

A

develop 2 successive sets of teeth - deciduous & permanent

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7
Q

Aradicular hypsodont

A

Teeth without roots that continue to frow and erupt throughout life - all teeth in rabbits, Guinea pigs, Chinchilla
Only Incisors in mice & rats

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8
Q

Radicular hyposodont teeth

A

Short rooted teeth that stop growing but continue to erupt - Horse

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9
Q

What is the strongest mastication muscle in chinchilla/Guinea pig? How many parts and function ?

A

Masseter muscle - 3 parts - superficial & medial part –> pull mandible rostrally, deep infra orbital section –> move mandible rostrally & main fx is to close the mouth

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10
Q

How many teeth do pigs have?

A

44

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11
Q

What is bunodont and which animal has it

A

Molar teeth with crowns in the form of rounded or conical cusps. Pigs

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12
Q

What is molar progression ?

A

is the mesial /forward movement of molar teeth with age - normal physiological process in grazing , browsing (macropods)

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13
Q

Infraorbital block

A

Targets infraorbital nerve –> branches from the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (CNV) . Anesthetizes ipsilateral maxillary PM, C, Incisor teeth by preventing sensory to the trigeminal

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14
Q

Maxillary nerve block

A

targets major & minor palatine nerve and blocks entire quadrant – dentition, soft tissue, palate

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15
Q

Inferior alveolar nerve block

A
  • Inferior alveolar block  targets branch of mandibular nerve, the inferior alveolar nerve. Blocks all ipsilateral mandibular dentition & soft tissue
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16
Q

Mental nerve block

A

Targets the mental nerve , a branch from the inferior alveolar nerve  innervates soft tissue from chin, lips, rostral gingiva, rostral buccal mucosa

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17
Q

Robb et al “scanning electron microscopic study of the dentinal tubules in dogs canine tooth” - size of dentinal tubules

A

2.1 micrometer adjacent to the pulp ( deep dentin) to 0.9 micrometer adjacent to enamel junction( superficial dentin) . # of tubules vary from 90000 to 24000/mm2 in same area

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18
Q

Robb et al, Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of the Dentinal Tubules in Dog Canine Teeth2007 - What significant findings tubular density in dogs ?

A

NO significant difference were found between superficial tubular densities and deep tubular densities of small vs large breed dogs

Tubular density was HIGHEST in deep dentin adjacent to the pulp chamber

Significant differences were found between superficial and deep dentinal surfaces of small breed and large breed dog

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19
Q

Robb et al, Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of the Dentinal Tubules in Dog Canine Teeth2007 -

Is there a difference between superficial and deep dentin diameter ? What shape are they ?

A

 NO significant differences was found between deep and superficial dentin diameters or between small versus large dogs

dentinal tubules are oval shaped in the d

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20
Q

hypsodont elodont aradicular dentition

A

long crowned, continues growing, open rooted teeth ( rodent and lagomorphs)

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21
Q

Wyss 2016, measuring Rabbits tooth Growth and eruption by fluorescence marker -
How many mm does a maxillary and mandibular incisor grow a week in a rabbit

A

 1.9 mm/week maxillary incisors teeth & 2.2 mm/week for mandibular incisors teeth grow a week in rabbits

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22
Q

Brachygnathism

A

Maxillary > mandible
Over shot

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23
Q

Prognathism

A

Mandible > maxillary
Undershot

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24
Q

What is concrescence?

A

2 teeth are joined by cementum but not dentin

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25
Q

what is enamel hypoplasia?

A

Enamel hypoplasia refers to inadequate deposition of enamel matrix,
i.e., when the density or mineralization is generally normal, but the enamel is thinner than normal.

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26
Q

What is enamel hypomineralization?

A
  • inadequate mineralization of enamel matrix, resulting in white, yellow, or brown spots in the enamel. This often affects several or all teeth.
    The crowns of affected teeth may be soft and wear faster than normal teeth
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27
Q

What is dentiongenesis imperfecta ?

A

Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary abnormality
in the formation of dentin. The clinical appearance of
affected teeth varies from gray to brownish violet to a
yellowish‐brown color, but the teeth can also exhibit a
characteristic unusual translucent or opalescent hue.

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28
Q

What is gemination

A

tooth with a double crown, single root and usually a single root canal

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29
Q

What is gemination?

A

tooth with a double crown, single root and usually a single root canal

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30
Q

What is fusion?

A

2 teeth that are joined with confluence of dentin

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31
Q

What is concrescene?

A

2 teeth that are joined by cementum but NOT dentin

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32
Q

Odontoplastic dysplasia

A

condition where all the components of the tooth that derive from the dental organ in the affected teeth are abnormal

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33
Q

odontoplastic dysplasia

A

condition where all the components of the tooth that derive from the dental organ in the affected teeth are abnormal

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34
Q

Plaque index

A
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35
Q

Tooth mobility

A
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36
Q

Furcation

A
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37
Q

Gingival index

A
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38
Q

what method is utilized to use blue light to see mature plaque ?

A

Quantitate light fluorescence
405 nm wavelength to show mature plaque to glow red

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39
Q

Trisection

A

Splitting of a tooth into 3 separate portion

40
Q

Tooth repositioning

A

Repositioning of a luxated tooth

41
Q

Tooth reimplantation

A

Reimplantation of an avulsed tooth

42
Q

what are the major indications for VPT?

A

Crown reduction for orthodontic abnormalities
CCF
Pulp exposure due to debridment e.g. caries

43
Q

what influences the success of VPT?

A

As the duration of pulp exposure increases, the success of VPT decreases

microleakage of restoration site of VPT

44
Q

Other names for VPT

A

Partial coronal pulpectomy, Direct pulp capping

45
Q

What is a unfavorable dental interlock ?

A

When a tooth because of malocclusion is trapped in opposing jaw , it may interfere with normal jaw growth

46
Q

What is odontoplasty ?

A

Mechanical smoothing and rounding of the cutting edge of the teeth

47
Q

What are the advantages of regional nerve block?

A

Reduce MAC of gas anesthetics
Improve anesthesia management
Decrease pain

48
Q

What is the maxillary foramen?

A

Caudal aspect of the infraorbital canal

49
Q

Explain the pathway and anatomic features of maxillary nerve

A
  • Trigeminal nerve CR V provides sensory innervation to tissue of the oral cavity & face – Maxillary nerve, is a sensory root of branch off CRV  emerges from rostral alar foramen into pytergopalatine fossa and runs parallel with maxillary artery on the surface of pytergoid muscle. As maxillary nerve enters maxillary foramen (caudal foramen of infraorbital canal)  becomes infraorbital nerve & continues rostrally through the IOC and exit the foramen @ dorsal maxillary 4th PM. Caudal and middle superior alevolar branch exit the maxillary nerve in the pytergoidpalatine fossa in cats
50
Q

What are the 3 general surgical flap designs ?

A

Envelope flap
Triangle Flap
Pedicle Flap

51
Q

Explain the envelope flap

A

Single sulcular incision with elevation of the tissue away from the buccal bone

52
Q

Explain triangle Flap

A

A sulcular incision is made following by a single distal or mesial vertical releasing incision

53
Q

Explain the pedicle flap

A

A sulcular incision followed by both a distal and mesial releasing incision

54
Q

Wound healing - list 4 general step to wound healing in oral cavity

A

1) generation of blood clot and inflammation
2) granulation tissue formation
3) re- epithelization
4) formation of connective tissue matrix and end stage contraction phase

55
Q

OSCC is divided into 2 groups - please list them

A

Tonsillar OSCC
Non tonsillar OSCC xxx most common. less invasive, rarely metastasize

56
Q

Study in 31 dogs with non tonsillar OSCC -

A

84% maxilla or mandible
13% on the tongue
3% oral mucosa
29% metastasis to the lungs, LN, or both
Survival rate after 1 years undergoing surgical tumor excision was 93.5%

57
Q

In which phase of tooth development does enamel formation occur ?

A

Bell stage
enamel formation = amelogenesis occurs during the bell stage of tooth development. This stage cells differentiate - ameloblast which are responsible producing enamel

58
Q

What is apexification?

A

Stimulated apical closure ( type of temporary RCT)

59
Q

Define the layers

A

top layer: PPP - platelet poor plasma
middle later- platelet rich plasma
bottom layer: RBC

60
Q

dentition formula of an elephant seal

A

primary dentition - non functional and lost soon after birth

I 1/2, C 1/1, PM 4/3-5, M 1/1 x 2

30 teeth

61
Q

What the postcanines of an elephant seal?

A

They are premolars and molars
they become peg like with wear and lose their function
simple structure with small cusps

61
Q
A
61
Q

How long does the apices remain open in an elephant seal?

A

they remain open between 7 to 12 years

62
Q

What is the biological width ?

A

2 mm gap between the base of the sulcus and the crest of the alveolar bone

enough space for
1 mm junctional epithelium
1 mm connective tissue attachment

63
Q

What is the dental bulge and its function?

A

Part of the gingival third of the crown 108/208, that protrudes outward in a buccal direction. It is composed mainly of dentin and covered by a thin layer of enamel which ends at the CEJ.

64
Q

What is apexification?

A

method to induce the formation of a calcified barrier in a root with an open apex goal is provide a hard tissue barrier that will provide an apical stop for effective obturation  patient can keep the tooth

65
Q

What is apexogenesis ?

A

therapeutic process that allows inner and outer enamel epithelium to continue to proliferate to form Hertwig,s epithelial root sheath – plays a vital role in the differentiation of odontoblasts from the cells at the periphery of dental papilla  this structure and root formation progresses in an apical direction until complete formation of root occurs

66
Q

what is apexogenesis

A

treatment of vital pulp by pulp capping or pulpotomy ? continue growth of the root and closure of the apex

67
Q

What is pulp canal obliteration ? PCO

A

PCO is a reaction of the pulp to injury that results in acceleration of dentin production producing a tooth without a visible pulp canal

67
Q

What is apexification ?

A

method to induce development of the root apex in an immature non vital tooth by the formation of a hard tissue bridge

68
Q

2 theories of pulp canal obliteration POC develops . What are they?

A

1) change in sympathetic and parasympathetic blood flow to the pulp –> results in odontoblast stimulation which over production of dentin

2) blood clot formation acts as a nidus for calcification of the canal

69
Q

What is the definition of a cysts and what are the 3 parts it consists off?

A

A cyst is a pathological cavity lined by epithelium. The epithelium is surrounded by fibro collagenous connective tissue

It consists of 3 parts
central cavity
epithelial lining
fibrous capsule

70
Q

What is a dentigerous cyst ?

A

Dentigerous cyst is a type of an odontogenic epithelium. The cyst encapsulates the crown of an interrupted tooth and is attached at CEJ

71
Q

What is the possible pathogenesis of DTC ?

A

Fluid accumulates between the reduced enamel epithelium and enamel OR between the layers of enamel organ
As fluid built up or pressure by an unerupted tooth onto the impacted follicle it obstructs venous outflow
increase hydrostatic pressure of the transudate separates the follicle from the crown

72
Q

Define the role of osteoclasts and osteoblasts

A

Osteoblasts are responsible for bone synthesis
Osteoclast helps in bone resorption

73
Q

What are the main variables that affect failure of VPT per Lutonen et al?

A

use o Ca(OH) vs MTA
deep penetration of dressing material into the pulp
profound intraoperative hemorrhage
antimicrobial treatment

74
Q

Studies evaluating VPT include

A

Clarke success in fracture <48 hrs old 88%
>48 hrs old < 50%

Niemiec
100% long term survival for malocclusion
0 % for traumatic fractured teeth 2 years later

lutonen
85% success rate in mature and immature permanent teeth for fracture and crown reduction
MTA 92% and CaOH 58%

75
Q

What is the definition of VPT according to AVDC?

A

VPT is a procedure performed on a vital tooth with pulp exposure involving partial pulpectomy, DPC and access or fracture site restoration

76
Q

How does AVDC define DPC ?

A

It defines DPC as a process performed as part of a VPT and involves the placement of medicated material over an area of pulp exposure

77
Q

McCoy, T. Managing Endodontic Instrument Separation. JVD 2015

What are the 2 most common cause of instrument separation ?

A

Instrument fatigue from overuse
Applying excessive apical pressure, usually with rotary motion.

78
Q

What is the age in dogs when the tooth apices are expected to close

A

It depends on the tooth but on average between 7 to 10 months of age to expect apices to close in dogs

79
Q

What is the age in cats to expect root apices to close?

A

In cats to expect root apices to close between 7 - 11 months of age

80
Q
A
81
Q

What do odontoblast produce ?

A

Dentin

82
Q

According to WHO what are the 5 groups that categorizes human apical periodontitis

A
  1. Acute apical periodontitis of pulpal origin
  2. Chronic apical periodontitis
  3. Periapical abscess with sinus
  4. Periapical abscess without sinus
  5. Radicular cysts
83
Q

What is an acquired palatal defect in dogs ?

A

It is a communication between the oral cavity, nasal cavities, maxillary recesses or orbits

84
Q

what is a bifid nose

A

double or cleft nose, is a rare congenital anomaly- manifestation varies from single central groove and the nasal tip to involvement of the entire nasal osteocartilaginous framework

85
Q

What is the theory for the cause of bifid nose?

A

It is the malunion of maxillary process with the median nasal process which causes midline facial abnormalities

86
Q

What is a primary CP?

A

failure of fusion of the maxillary processes @ the midline
affects lips and or incisive bone

87
Q

What is secondary CP ?

A

both maxillary processes fail to fuse with the nasal septum
affects tissue caudal to incisive bone

88
Q

How does CP develop?

A
  • As the tongue progresses from nasal to oral cavity – it allows the palatine processes to meet at the maxillary midline to separate the 2 cavities. The nasal septum fuses with secondary palate –. Dividing nasal cavity into right and left cavities.
89
Q

What is the cause of CP defect?

A

metabolic disorder, antibiotics, corticosteroids, Vit A , hereditary in some breeds

90
Q

What isa supernumerary tooth?

A

Is a tooth that is present in addition to the normal number of teeth found in dental arcade

91
Q

Which muscles are responsible to close the mouth ?

A

Temporalis muscle
Masseter muscle
Medial pyterigoid muscle

92
Q

Which muscle is responsible to open the mouth ?

A

Digastricus muscle

Dental Mix (15 decks)

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