Surgery

Question 1

Define a primary palate

Answer 1

Lip, palate rostral to the palatine fissures, includes the lip, alveolar process

Question 2

What is a secondary palate

Answer 2

Structures that are caudal to the palatine fissures, including hard palate( excluding the incisive bone) and the soft palate

Question 3

Split thickness flap

Answer 3

mucosal flap reflected from the alveolar process and adjacent palatal
bone containing the epithelium and a layer of connective tissue; the periosteum
remains on the donor site.

Question 4

what is a cleft lip

Answer 4

defects that involve the structures of primary palate
can be unilateral or bilateral. complete or incomplete

Question 5

incomplete cleft lip

Answer 5

appears as a notch, may extend toward but not into the nose

Question 6

complete cleft lip

Answer 6

involves the lip and extend into the nostrils , usually but not always with a cleft of the alveolar process ( slight notch or complete through the dental arch)

Question 7

what is a cleft palate

Answer 7

involves all structures of secondary palate
simple vs complex

Question 8

what is a simple cleft palate

Answer 8

simple fissure involves small part of caudal soft palate

Question 9

what is a complex cleft palate

Answer 9

through and through defect to the nasal cavity involving the soft palate , hard palate caudal to the palatine fissure and vomer( in the nasal cavity)

Question 10

Hypoplasia of the soft palate

Answer 10

Congenital fissure parallel to the median plane on the soft
palate. The defect can occur unilaterally or bilaterally. When bilateral, a pseudouvula is
present.

Question 11

Orofacial cleft

Answer 11

Any congenital fissure affecting orofacial structures including lip, incisive
bone, and hard and/or soft palate

Question 12

Cleft lip and palate

Answer 12

Congenital fissures affecting the primary and secondary palate
simultaneously. Multiple anatomical configurations are possible based on laterality and
severity of the defects.

Question 13

Can a congenital cleft hard plate be partial and occur without a cleft soft palate ?

Answer 13

False
A congenital cleft hard palate always occurs with a cleft soft palate

Question 14

Can a congenital soft palate defect occur without a congenital cleft hard palate?

Answer 14

True
Congenital soft palate defect can occur without a congenital cleft hard palate

Question 15

What 2 types of congenital palatal defects may result in delay of diagnosis resulting in chronic nasal discharge

Answer 15

Cleft soft palate
Hypoplastic soft palate
due to be very caudal in the oral cavity

Question 16

What concurrent craniomaxillofacial abnormalities have been reported in a retrospective CT study in dogs with congenital palatal defects?

Nemec A, Craniomaxillary abnormalities in dog with congenital palatal defect: CT findings on 8 dogs , vet Surg 2015

Answer 16

abnormal tympanic bullae
abnormal turbinate
nasal septum, vomer, cribriform plate
Frontal sinuses. lateral ventricles
Soft tissue defect was smaller than the bony defect

Question 17

Nemec A, Craniomaxillary abnormalities in dog with congenital palatal defect: CT findings on 8 dogs , vet Surg 2015

What is a complicating factor in repairing congenital palatal defects?

Answer 17

Soft tissue defect of the cleft was ALWAYS smaller than the bony defect

Question 18

List the techniques for repair of congenital palatal defects

Answer 18

bilateral Overlapping mucosal single pedicle flap technique
medially repositioned double flap technique
simple double layer appositional soft palate repair

Question 19

list most common causes of Acquired canine dental disease

Answer 19

1) Severe periodontal disease around the maxillary canine teeth
2) periodontal defect at 2nd premolar
3)defect causes by FB between 4th PM
4) Severe acute maxillary trauma

Question 20

List the techniques for repair of acquired palatal defect

Answer 20

1) vestibular flap
2) Transposition flap
3) Advancement flap
4) Split palatal U flaps & Island flaps
5) Bilateral buccal overlapping flaps

Question 21

define simple extraction

Answer 21

an extraction not requiring a gingival incision or sectioning of tooth.
closes, UC or non surgical extraction

Question 22

surgical extraction

Answer 22

gingival incision, bone removal, sectioning of teeth,
open or complicated extraction

Question 23

What is the primary force on the mandible ?

Answer 23

Bending forces during functional stress like mastication

Question 24

What forces are acting on the ramus ? And what forces are acting on the symphysis ?

Answer 24

Shear forces on the ramus
Rotational forces on symphysis

Question 25

Fixation devises are strongest in tension- which is the ideal place along the mandibular fracture?

Answer 25

Alveolar border of the mandible

Question 26

Which bones are part of the maxilla?

Answer 26

Incisive, palatine, zygomatic, lacrimal, frontal, nasal bones , maxillary bone

Question 27

List the 3 buttresses of the maxilla

Answer 27

Rostral (medial) - nasomaxillary buttress
Lateral: zygomatic maxillary buttress
Caudal: pyterigoid maxillary buttress - not easy accessible

If there is a fracture - stabilise with 2 buttresses medial and lateral one

Question 28

What is the primary function of the lateral buttress?

Answer 28

To withstand forces in the vertical plane
Supports the other 2 buttresses to withstand shearing forces in premolar area
Neutralised forces in transverse plane

Question 29

What is an axial pattern flap ?

Answer 29

Pedicle of the skin and subcut tissue with a direct perforating cutaneous artery and vein at its base

Question 30

What are the repair techniques for an aquifer palatal repair?

Answer 30

Reverse transposition flap
Advancement flap

Question 31

What is the frequency of a piezo electric to cut mineralized tissue like bone?

Answer 31

25-35kHz

Question 32

What is the frequency needed for a piezoelectric to cut soft tissue?

Answer 32

Around 50 kHz