Dental Decks Flashcards
Organ undergoes regeneration:
Liver, bone, cartilage, intestinal mucosa; low-specialization
Composed of monocytes + macrophages
Reticuloendothelial system (AKA mononuclear phagocytic system) – in reticular connective tissue (spleen)
Microglia
Macrophages of CNS
Kupffer cells
Line blood vessels of liver
Alveolar macrophage
Dust cells; lining of lungs
Histiocytes
Macrophages in connective tissue
Gaucher’s disease
deficiency in glucocerebrosidase
Niemann-Pick disease
deficiency in sphingomyelinase
Tay-Sachs
deficiency in hexosaminidase A
Lipid Storages Diseases
Gauchers
Niemann-Pick
Tay-Sachs
Teratology
Study of developmental anomalies
Chemical, physical, biologic agents that cause developmental anomalies
Variable susceptibility, specific in each developmental stage and mechanism
Dose dependent
Produce death, growth retardation, malformation, or functional impairment
First trimester
Physical agents, teratogenic
Radiation
Hypoxia
Excessive carbon dioxide
Mechanical trauma
Maternal infection, teratogenic
TORCH: Toxoplasmosis Other agents Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpes simplex
Hormones, teratogenic
Sex
Corticosteroids
Vitamin deficiencies, teratogenic
Riboflavin
Niacin
Folic acid
Vitamin E
Chemotherpay drugs, teratogenic
Treating malignancies
Antibiotics, teratogenic
Mitomycin
Dactinomycin
Puromycin
Delayed closure of two granulating surfaces is referred to as
Second intention
First intention
Fibrous adhesion w/o supparation or granulation tissue formation
Second intention
Connective tissue repair; large, exudative wound + netcrotic tissue, supparation, granulation
Third intention
Filling via granulation and cicatrization
Tissues taken from an individual of the same spcies who is NOT geneticaly related to the recipient is called an:
Allograft/homologous/homoplastic
Xenograft
Another species, temporary, rejected – Hypersensitivity Type IV
Autograft
Transplant of tissue from one part of body to another
Isograft
From genetically idental species (twins)
When a graft is rejected the first time, and tried again it will be rejected
MORE RAPIDLY
According to the Spaulding Classification System for contaminated items and surfaces, critical items should be decontaminated after cleaning by
Sterilization and holding in sterilized state
Spaulding Classification System
Critical = sterilization + holding in state
Vascular system, body tissues
Semi-Crit = High level disinfection (heat, chemicals)
Mucous membranes
Non-Crit = Intermediate/low level disinfection
Intact skin
Bacteria notable for fluorescent pigments + their resistance to disinfectants & antibiotics:
Pseudomonas (i.e. Aeruginosa – toxic proteins, extensive tissue damage, interfere with immune defense)
Gram (-), straight/curved rod, obligate anaerobes
P. aeruginosa
Exoenzyme S = impair phagocytic cells in blood stream + internal organs
Exotoxin A = inhibits protein synthesis
Gentamicin
Aminoglycoside antibiotic, effective in treating bacteremias (P. aeruginosa)
T-cell product stimulates growth of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells
IL-3 (produced by leukocytes)
Regulate inflammatory + immune responses
IL-1
Macrophages; Stimulation of T cells, antigen-presenting cells, B cell growth, antibody production, promotes hematopoiesis (blood cell formation)
IL-2
Activated T-cells; proliferation of activated T-cells
IL-3
T-lymphocytes; growth of blood cell precursors
IL-4
T cells + mast cells; B cell proliferation, IgE production
IL-5
T-cells + mat cells; Eosinophil growth
IL-6
Activated T-cells; synergistic effects with IL-1 or TNF-alpha
IL-7
Thymus + bone marrow stromal cells; development of T cell and B cell precursors
Rubella Virus
Member of togavirus family, enveloped, (+) stranded, ss-RNA genome; German measles; teratogen; transmitted via respiratory droplets; prevention via live, attenuated vaccine; posterior auricular lymphadenopathy
Hypersensitivity, Type I
Immediate; IgE Ab mediated-mast cell activation + degranulation “hay fever”, asthma, anaphylaxis
Hypersensitivity, Type II
Cytotoxic; IgG, IgM Abs formed against cell surface antigens; complement involved; autoimmune hemolytic anemias, Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC); Goodpasture disease
Hypersensitivity, Type III
Immune complex disease; IgG, IgG, IgA against exo/endogenous antigens; complement + leukocytes (neutrophils, macrophages) involved; autoimmune diseases – SLE, rheumatoid arthritis, glomerulonephritis
Hypersensitivity, Type IV
Mononuclear cells (T-lymphocytes, macrophages) w/ ILs and lymphokine production; contact, Tuberculin, granulomatous hypersensitivity
