Dental Anomalies Flashcards
1
Q
number
A
- hypodontia
2. hyperdontia
2
Q
size
A
- microdontia
2. macrodontia
3
Q
structure
A
- amelogenesis imperfecta
- dentinogenesis imperfecta
- dentin dysplasia
4
Q
shape
A
- gemination
- fusion
- accessory cusps
- dens invaginatus
- dens evaginatus
- ectopic enamel
- taurdontism
- hypercementosis
- accesory roots
- dilaceration
5
Q
hyperdontia (supernumerary teeth) is an anomaly of what?
A
of initiation and proliferation
6
Q
prevalence of hyperdontia is higher in which race?
A
Asians and African Americans
7
Q
hyperdontia occurs more in the maxilla or mand?
A
maxilla
8
Q
T/F: location of hyperdontia can vary
A
true…
mesiodens
paramolar
9
Q
T/F: shape of supernumerary tooth is often abnormal
A
true
10
Q
mesiodens
A
extra tooth right between max central incisors
11
Q
when do neonatal teeth erupt?
A
within 30 days of birth
12
Q
most natal/neonatal teeth are what?
A
primary tooth (not supernumerary)
13
Q
majority of natal/neonatal teeth are which tooth?
A
mand incisor
14
Q
features of natal/neonatal teeth
A
- thin
- mobile
- rootless
15
Q
problems with natal/neonatal teeth
A
- can be aspiration risk
2. cause feeding problems
16
Q
tx of natal/neonatal teeth
A
extraction
17
Q
hypodontia
A
lack of tooth development
18
Q
cause of hypodontia
A
familial tendency and genetic component
19
Q
hypodontia is missing how many teeth?
A
≤ 1-5 teeth
20
Q
oligodontia
A
missing 6 or more teeth
21
Q
T/F: hypodontia is more prevalent in perm dentition
A
true
22
Q
congenitally missing teeth in perm denition
A
3rd molars > mand 2nd PM > max lateral incisor > max 2nd PM
23
Q
congenitally missing teeth in primary dentition
A
max lateral incisor
24
Q
microdontia and macrodontia are anomalies of what?
A
proliferation and morphodifferentiation
25
true generalized microdontia and macrodontia
small/large teeth in normal sized jaw
26
relative generalized microdontia and macrodontia
normal or small teeth in large jaw or normal or large teeth in small jaw
27
T/F: single tooth macrodontia is common
false, rare
28
T/F: single tooth microdontia is rare
false, common
29
what is the most common microdontia tooth?
lateral incisor (peg lateral)
30
what is the second most common microdontia tooth?
3rd molar
31
T/F: isolated macrodontia is often bilateral
true
32
what should be ruled out if dx is isolated macrodontia?
gemination/fusion
33
primary tooth most affected by macrodontia?
2nd molar, which could interfere with eruption
34
conjoined teeth is an anomaly of what?
proliferation and morphodifferentiation
35
germination
1. single enlarged tooth with normal tooth count
| 2. division of single tooth
36
fusion
1. single enlarged tooth with fewer than normal tooth count
| 2. conjoining or two separate primary teeth
37
T/F: conjoined teeth occur more often in permanent dentition
false, primary
38
concrescence teeth are joined where?
cementum
39
where does germination usually occur?
anterior (incisors and canines)
40
complications with germinated tooth
1. can have difficulty erupting
2. can block out other teeth
3. caries can develop in area of cleft
41
where does fusion usually occur?
anterior
42
what causes fusion?
can be familial
43
complications with fusion tooth
1. congenital absence of successor tooth
| 2. caries may develop in area of fusion
44
dens invaginatus (dens in dente)
tooth in a tooth
45
dens invaginatus is what type of anomaly?
developmental
46
what causes dens invaginatus (dens in dente)?
lingual invagination of inner enamel epithelium
47
which tooth does dens invaginatus (dens in dente) usually affect?
max lateral incisor
48
T/F: dens invaginatus (dens in dente) is common in primary dentition
false, uncommon
49
features of dens invaginatus (dens in dente)
1. tooth has deep lingual pit
| 2. prominent cingulum
50
radiographs of a dens invaginatus (dens in dente) tooth shows what?
oval invagination to crown or root
51
complications with dens invaginatus (dens in dente)
1. often becomes carious
| 2. pulp may become necrotic easily
52
tx for dens invaginatus (dens in dente)
tx'd w/ sealant, composite, or possible endo
53
dens evaginatus
cusp-like enamel in central groove/lingual ridge of PM or molar
54
which tooth is most often involved with dens evaginatus?
bilateral mand PMs
55
T/F: dens evaginatus is common in primary teeth
false, rare
56
what can dens evaginatus be associated with?
shovel-shaped incisors
57
tx for dens evaginatus
(progressive) enameloplasty
58
complications with dens evaginatus
1. may contain pulp
2. can cause traumatic occlusion
3. can fracture off
4. can cause deviation of tooth eruption
5. may require endo
59
talon cusp
cusp on lingual of anterior teeth
60
complication with talon cusp
may contain pulpal tissue
61
tx of talon cusp
1. progressuve enameloplasty
2. sealant
3. composite
4. potential endo
62
root dilaceration
abnormal angulation or curvature of root
63
cause of root dilaceration
1. idiopathic
| 2. may be due to intrusion or trauma of primary tooth affecting developing tooth
64
complications of root dilaceration
1. can delay/inhibit eruption --> may require ortho
| 2. can create difficult ext
65
developmental alterations to tooth structure
1. molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH)
2. amelogenesis imperfecta
3. dentinogenesis imperfecta
4. dentin dysplasia
5. enamel hypoplasia
6. fluorosis
7. regional odontodysplasia
66
molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) affects which tooth?
perm 1st molars and incisors
67
cause of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH)
due to ameloblast fxn problem
68
origin of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH)
unknown but likely multifactorial
1. abx
2. nutritional deficiency
3. pre-term birth
4. toxins
69
appearance of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) teeth
teeth are "chalky" and mottled
70
complications of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH)
1. teeth are more susceptible to caries
| 2. teeth are often sensitive
71
tx for molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) depends on what?
severity/presentation
72
tx for molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH)
1. remineralization
2. restoration
3. crown
4. extraction
73
amelogenesis imperfecta (AI)
group of conditions caused by gene mutation
74
what is disrupted/disturbed in amelogenesis imperfecta (AI)?
enamel fxn
75
4 major types of amelogenesis imperfecta (AI)
1. hypoplastic
2. hypomaturation
3. hypocalcified
4. hypoplastic-hypomaturation
76
inherited gene mutation for amelogenesis imperfecta (AI)
can be...
1. autosomal dominant
2. autosomal recessive
3. x-linked
77
T/F: amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) affects only the permanent dentition
false, affects primary and perm
78
hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta (AI)
inadequate enamel matrix deposition (thin enamel)
79
inheritance of hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta (AI)
autosomal dominant
80
T/F: some pts with hypoplastic AI have anterior open bite
true
81
appearance of hypoplastic AI
enamel appearance varies...
1. pitted
2. rough
3. smooth
4. yellow
5. brown
82
dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI)
defect of predentin matrix
83
dentin of pts with dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI)
hereditary opalescent dentin
84
cause of dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI)
mutation of DSPP (dentin sialophosphoprotein) gene
85
T/F: dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) affects only the perm dentition
false, both primary and perm
86
type 1 dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI)
osteogenesis imperfecta + DI
87
type 2 dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI)
isolated DI
88
type 3 dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI)
Brandywine DI
89
inheritance for dentin dysplasia type I
autosomal dominant inheritance
90
what does the primary teeth look like in pts with dentin dysplasia type I?
look like DI
91
what does the perm teeth look like in pts with dentin dysplasia type I?
appear normal...
1. normal shape and color
2. roots/pulp are thistle-tubed
92
T/F: pulp stones are common for pts with dentin dysplasia type I
true
93
dentin dysplasia type 2
defect in root sheath
94
inheritance of dentin dysplasia type 2
autosomal dominant
95
features of pts with dentin dysplasia type 2
1. teeth appear normal clinically
2. teeth have short or obliterated roots
3. pulp is obliterated or crescent-shaped
96
fluorosis
due to excess intake of fluoride during tooth development
97
T/F: municipal water have higher fluoride levels than wells/pumps
false, less
98
features of fluorosis
1. chalky/streaky white enamel
2. brown stains
3. pits
99
mild fluorosis may cause teeth to what?
be less prone to caries
100
moderate/severe fluorosis causes what?
pitting and makes teeth more prone to caries
101
tx for mild/moderate fluorosis
1. bleaching
| 2. microabrasion
102
tx for moderate/severe fluorosis
1. crowns
2. veneers
3. composite restorations
103
what might fluorosis appear like?
amelogenesis imperfecta
104
regional odontodysplasia is also called what?
odontogenesis imperfecta "ghost teeth"
105
T/F: regional odontodysplasia is common
false, rare, non-hereditary
106
which part of the tooth is affected by regional odontodysplasia?
1. enamel
2. dentin
3. pulp
107
radiographic appearance of regional odontodysplasia
dark, undefined
108
complications with regional odontodysplasia
1. teeth may not erupt properly
| 2. easily infected
109
T/F: regional odontodysplasia is only isolated to a region (quad)
false, can be global too
