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AU '18 - Peds III exam II > Childhood Obesity > Flashcards

Childhood Obesity Flashcards

1
Q

obesity rate for children ages 2-19 by race and ethnicity

A
  1. latinos
  2. african american
  3. caucasians
  4. asians
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2
Q

economic costs of obesity

A
  1. increased health care utilization in obese children/adolescents
  2. living longer with obesity and comorbidities
  3. increased hospital care costs
  4. cost of equipment and technology
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3
Q

environmental factors contributing to childhood obesity

A
  1. sugar sweetened beverages
  2. sedentary lifestyle
  3. screen time >2 hrs
  4. decrease sleep
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4
Q

medications contributing to childhood obesity

A
  1. psychoactive drugs
  2. antiepileptic drugs
  3. glucocorticoids
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5
Q

endocrine disorders contributing to childhood obesity

A
  1. hypothyroidism
  2. GH deficiency
  3. Cushing syndrome
  4. damage to CNS-trauma
  5. tumor
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6
Q

genetic etiology of childhood obesity

A
  1. Prader Willi syndrome
  2. Down syndrome
  3. Turner syndrome
  4. Leptin deficiency
  5. genetic deletions
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7
Q

children with genetic syndromes associated with obesity

A
  1. have early-onset obesity
  2. dysmorphic features
  3. short stature
  4. developmental delay
  5. intellectual disability
  6. retinal changes
  7. deafness
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8
Q

Leptin deficiency

A
  1. early onset morbid obesity
  2. high fat mass
  3. infertility
  4. T-cell defects recurrent infections
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9
Q

T/F: Leptin deficiency is rare and autosomal recessive

A

true

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10
Q

tx of Leptin deficiency

A

rx with recombinant leptin

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11
Q

Leptin receptor deficiency

A
  1. milder phenotype

2. no specific rx

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12
Q

what is the key determinant to childhood obesity?

A

energy balance

decrease in physical activity + increased calorie intake = shift in energy intake and energy expenditure

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13
Q

factors affecting energy balance of child

A
  1. parental BMI
  2. built environment
  3. sedentary lifestyle
  4. energy dense nutrient poor foods
  5. portion distortion
  6. daily conveniences
  7. psychological issues
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14
Q

T/F: body mass index (BMI) is a reliable tool to assess body fat in children over 2 y.o.

A

true

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15
Q

BMI has clinical validity and easy to measure

A

true

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16
Q

what does BMI correlate with?

A

body fat and health risks

17
Q

T/F: BMI is a direct measure of percent body fat

A

false, NOT

18
Q

higher BMI can be a predictor of what?

A

future adiposity

19
Q

T/F: BMI distribution changes as children grow and develop

A

true

20
Q

underweight

A

BMI <5th%

21
Q

normal weight

A

BMI between 5th and <85th%

22
Q

overweight

A

BMI 85th to 95th%

23
Q

obese

A

BMI ≥95th%

24
Q

severe obesity

A

BMI ≥120% of the 95th% values OR a BMI ≥35 kg/m^2 (whichever is lower)

25
Q

acanthosis nigricans

A
  1. sign of insulin resistance
  2. velvety texture
  3. may fade with weight loss
26
Q

obesity and dental implications

A
  1. fermentable carbs convert into simple sugars in mouth
  2. simple sugars can be converted into plaque
  3. as plaque accumulate, teeth and gums increase risk for gingivitis, periodontitis and tooth decay
27
Q

why is there an increased likelihood of perio disease in obese patients?

A

due to an increased proinflammatory environment involving IL-8, TNF-alpha

28
Q

baseline for childhood obesity management

A

prevention plus primary care office for ALL patients

29
Q

stage 1 for childhood obesity management

A

primary care provider office

30
Q

stage 2 for childhood obesity management

A

primary care office with allied health provider (i.e. dietitian)

31
Q

stage 3 for childhood obesity management

A

intensive care with multidisciplinary team

32
Q

stage 4 for childhood obesity management

A
  1. bariatric surgery
  2. very low calorie diets
  3. medications
33
Q

3 levels of physical activity

A
  1. organized/team activity
  2. family activity
  3. me-directed activity
34
Q

benefits of early surgical intervention for weight loss

A
  1. lower operative risk
  2. earlier resolution of comorbidities
  3. lower achievable weight loss
  4. earlier improvement in depression and quality of life measures
35
Q

earlier resolution of comorbidities

A
  1. improved life expectancy
  2. decreased insulin resistance spares beta cells from “burn out”
  3. improved diastolic fxn and cardiac geometry
36
Q

weight loss surgery types

A
  1. gastric bypass
  2. gastric sleeve
  3. adjustable gastric band
37
Q

gastric bypass

A

restrictive and malabsorptive

38
Q

gastric sleeve

A

restrictive only

39
Q

adjustable gastric band

A

restrictive and adjustable

AU '18 - Peds III exam II (9 decks)

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