Dental Anomalies Flashcards
Which teeth are most likely to be missing in hypodontia cases (excluding 8s)?
- Lower premolars (L4/5)
- Upper lateral incisors (U2s)
Which teeth are least likley to be missing?
- Permanent 6s
- Upper 1s
What conditions are associated with HYPODONTIA?
- Ectodermal dysplasia
- Down’s Syndrome
- Cleft palate
- Hurler’s Syndrome
- Incontinentia pigmentii
What are the dental problems associated with hypodontia?
- Abnormal shape/ form
- Spacing
- Submergence (infraocclusion)
- Deep OB
- Reduced LFH
What is the management for HYPODONTIA?
- Over-denture
- Partial denture
- Composite
- Porcelain veneers
- Fixed prosthesis
What are the types of supernumerary teeth?
- Conical = cone-shaped
- Tuberculate = barrel-shaped, has tubercle
- Supplemental = looks like normal tooth
- Odontome = irregular mass, compound/ complex
What is the most common cause for delayed eruption of permanent incisors?
Supernumerary teeth
What are the types of anomalies re size and shape?
- Microdont = peg-shaped laterals
- Macrodontia
- Double teeth = germination, fusion
- Odontomes
- Taurodontism = pulp chamber enlarged vertically
- Dilaceration
- Accessory cusps = talon cusps
What are the types of amelogenesis imperfecta?
- Hypoplastic
- Hypocalcified
- Hypomaturation
- Mixed with taurodontism
What are the environmental causes of enamel hypoplasia
- Systemic conditions
- Nutritional
- Metabolic e.g. rhesus incompatibility, liver disease
- Infection e.g. measles
What are the localised causes of enamel hypoplasia?
- Trauma
- Infection of primary tooth (caries)
What are the LOCALISED causes for hard tissue defects in teeth?
Trauma or caries/ abscess
What are the generalised ENVIRONMENTAL causes for hard tissue defects in teeth?
- Fluorosis
- MIH associated with childhood illness/ chronological hypomineralisation e.g. liver/ kidney failure
PRENATAL
- Rubella
- Congenital syphillis
- Thalidomide
- Fluoride
- Maternal A&D def
- Cardiac disease
- Kidney disease
NEONATAL
- Prematurity
- Meningitis
POSTNATAL
- Otitis media
- Measles
- Chicken pox
- TB
- Pneumonia
- Diptheria
- Vit a,c,d def
- Heart disease
- Organ failure
What are the dental problems associated with AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA?
- Sensitivity
- Caries/ acid susceptibility
- Poor aesthetics
- Poor OH
- Delayed eruption
- AOB
How is AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA managed?
- Preventative therapy
- Comp veneer/ wash
- FS
- Metal onlays
- SSC
- Ortho
What conditions are associated with ENAMEL DEFECTS?
- Incontinenta pigmentii
- Down’s Syndrome
- Hurler’s Syndrome
- Epidermolysis bullosa
- Prophyria
- Tuberous sclerosis
- Pseudohypoparathyroidism
- Prader-Willi
what anomalies affect dentine?
- Dentinogenesis imperfecta
- Dentine dysplasia = normal crown, pulpal obliteration, short roots
- Odontodysplasia = arrest in tooth dev, enamel and dentine v thin, large pulp chambers, “ghost teeth”
- Systemic disturbance = nutritional, metabolic, drugs
What are the types of dentinogenesis imperfecta?
- Type I = osteogenesis imperfecta
- Type II = autosomal dominant
- Brandywine
How is dentinogenesis imperfecta diagnosed?
- Clinical examination
- Hx = FH, MH (associated with osteogenesis imperfecta)
- Radiographs = bulbous crowns, obliterated pulps (I&II)
What are the dental problems associated with DENTINOGENESIS IMPERFECTA?
- Aesthetics
- Caries/ acid susceptibility
- Spontaneous abscess
- POOR PROGNOSIS
How is DENTINOGENESIS IMPERFECTA managed?
- Preventative therapy
- Comp veneer/ wash
- Over-denture
- Partial dentures
- SSC
What conditions are associated with DENTINAL DEFECTS?
DENTINE ONLY
- Dentinogenesis imperfect Type II
- Dentine dysplasia TYPE I&II
- Fibrous dysplasia of dentine
SYSTEMIC CONDITIONS
- Osteogenesis imperfecta
- Rickets
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
- Brachio-skeletal genital syndrome
- Hypophosphatasia (also affects cementum)
What are some causes of delayed eruption?
- Premature/ low-birth weight
- Malnutrition
- Associated general conditions = Down’s, hypothyroidism, hypopituitarism, cleidocranial dysplasia (also affects cementum)
- Gingival hyperplasia/ overgrowth
- Ankylosis
- Hypodontia
- Ectopic teeth
- Hypodontia
- Trauma
What are some causes for premature exfoliation?
- Trauma
- Pulpotomy
- Hypophosphatasia
- Immunological deficiency e.g. cyclic neutropaenia
