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Paediatrics > Dental Anomalies > Flashcards

Dental Anomalies Flashcards

1
Q

Which teeth are most likely to be missing in hypodontia cases (excluding 8s)?

A
  • Lower premolars (L4/5)

- Upper lateral incisors (U2s)

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2
Q

Which teeth are least likley to be missing?

A
  • Permanent 6s

- Upper 1s

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3
Q

What conditions are associated with HYPODONTIA?

A
  • Ectodermal dysplasia
  • Down’s Syndrome
  • Cleft palate
  • Hurler’s Syndrome
  • Incontinentia pigmentii
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4
Q

What are the dental problems associated with hypodontia?

A
  • Abnormal shape/ form
  • Spacing
  • Submergence (infraocclusion)
  • Deep OB
  • Reduced LFH
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5
Q

What is the management for HYPODONTIA?

A
  • Over-denture
  • Partial denture
  • Composite
  • Porcelain veneers
  • Fixed prosthesis
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6
Q

What are the types of supernumerary teeth?

A
  1. Conical = cone-shaped
  2. Tuberculate = barrel-shaped, has tubercle
  3. Supplemental = looks like normal tooth
  4. Odontome = irregular mass, compound/ complex
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7
Q

What is the most common cause for delayed eruption of permanent incisors?

A

Supernumerary teeth

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8
Q

What are the types of anomalies re size and shape?

A
  1. Microdont = peg-shaped laterals
  2. Macrodontia
  3. Double teeth = germination, fusion
  4. Odontomes
  5. Taurodontism = pulp chamber enlarged vertically
  6. Dilaceration
  7. Accessory cusps = talon cusps
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9
Q

What are the types of amelogenesis imperfecta?

A
  1. Hypoplastic
  2. Hypocalcified
  3. Hypomaturation
  4. Mixed with taurodontism
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10
Q

What are the environmental causes of enamel hypoplasia

A
  • Systemic conditions
  • Nutritional
  • Metabolic e.g. rhesus incompatibility, liver disease
  • Infection e.g. measles
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11
Q

What are the localised causes of enamel hypoplasia?

A
  • Trauma

- Infection of primary tooth (caries)

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12
Q

What are the LOCALISED causes for hard tissue defects in teeth?

A

Trauma or caries/ abscess

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13
Q

What are the generalised ENVIRONMENTAL causes for hard tissue defects in teeth?

A
  • Fluorosis
  • MIH associated with childhood illness/ chronological hypomineralisation e.g. liver/ kidney failure

PRENATAL

  • Rubella
  • Congenital syphillis
  • Thalidomide
  • Fluoride
  • Maternal A&D def
  • Cardiac disease
  • Kidney disease

NEONATAL

  • Prematurity
  • Meningitis

POSTNATAL

  • Otitis media
  • Measles
  • Chicken pox
  • TB
  • Pneumonia
  • Diptheria
  • Vit a,c,d def
  • Heart disease
  • Organ failure
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14
Q

What are the dental problems associated with AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA?

A
  • Sensitivity
  • Caries/ acid susceptibility
  • Poor aesthetics
  • Poor OH
  • Delayed eruption
  • AOB
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15
Q

How is AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA managed?

A
  • Preventative therapy
  • Comp veneer/ wash
  • FS
  • Metal onlays
  • SSC
  • Ortho
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16
Q

What conditions are associated with ENAMEL DEFECTS?

A
  • Incontinenta pigmentii
  • Down’s Syndrome
  • Hurler’s Syndrome
  • Epidermolysis bullosa
  • Prophyria
  • Tuberous sclerosis
  • Pseudohypoparathyroidism
  • Prader-Willi
17
Q

what anomalies affect dentine?

A
  • Dentinogenesis imperfecta
  • Dentine dysplasia = normal crown, pulpal obliteration, short roots
  • Odontodysplasia = arrest in tooth dev, enamel and dentine v thin, large pulp chambers, “ghost teeth”
  • Systemic disturbance = nutritional, metabolic, drugs
18
Q

What are the types of dentinogenesis imperfecta?

A
  1. Type I = osteogenesis imperfecta
  2. Type II = autosomal dominant
  3. Brandywine
19
Q

How is dentinogenesis imperfecta diagnosed?

A
  • Clinical examination
  • Hx = FH, MH (associated with osteogenesis imperfecta)
  • Radiographs = bulbous crowns, obliterated pulps (I&II)
20
Q

What are the dental problems associated with DENTINOGENESIS IMPERFECTA?

A
  • Aesthetics
  • Caries/ acid susceptibility
  • Spontaneous abscess
  • POOR PROGNOSIS
21
Q

How is DENTINOGENESIS IMPERFECTA managed?

A
  • Preventative therapy
  • Comp veneer/ wash
  • Over-denture
  • Partial dentures
  • SSC
22
Q

What conditions are associated with DENTINAL DEFECTS?

A

DENTINE ONLY

  • Dentinogenesis imperfect Type II
  • Dentine dysplasia TYPE I&II
  • Fibrous dysplasia of dentine

SYSTEMIC CONDITIONS

  • Osteogenesis imperfecta
  • Rickets
  • Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
  • Brachio-skeletal genital syndrome
  • Hypophosphatasia (also affects cementum)
23
Q

What are some causes of delayed eruption?

A
  • Premature/ low-birth weight
  • Malnutrition
  • Associated general conditions = Down’s, hypothyroidism, hypopituitarism, cleidocranial dysplasia (also affects cementum)
  • Gingival hyperplasia/ overgrowth
  • Ankylosis
  • Hypodontia
  • Ectopic teeth
  • Hypodontia
  • Trauma
24
Q

What are some causes for premature exfoliation?

A
  • Trauma
  • Pulpotomy
  • Hypophosphatasia
  • Immunological deficiency e.g. cyclic neutropaenia

Paediatrics (10 decks)

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