Dental Anomalies Flashcards
what is the common age group for mental retardation? how many are in the mild ID range?
- before 18
- 85%
what is the incidence of mental retardation?
3% of US pop (6-7 million ppl)
1-10 US families affected by it
what is important to remember about down syndrome in regards to atlanto-axial instability and dental treatment?
-short necks are protective for atlanto-axial stability. Do not ask patients to extend/move neck the same way you would a non-DS pt. May cause injury or paralysis.
inc in the number of teeth
hyperdontia (supernumerary)
*mostly single teeth, but 2 teeth in 12-23%
what is the prevalence of hyperdontia?
- 1-3.8% in whites
- more in asians and AAs
is primary or perm more affected by hyperdontia?
perm (5X)
is the max or mandib more affected by hyperdontia?
max
*paramolar, distomolar, mesiodens
what are the two differenct shapes for hyperdontia?
- supplemental (normal size and shape)
- rudimentary (conical, tuberculate, molariform)
which type of rudimentary is most common?
conical mesiodens (peg shaped)
type of rudimentary hyperdontia that is barrel-shaped ant tooth with more than one cusp
tuberculate
type of rudimentary hyperdontia that is a small premolar or molar
molariform
neonatal teeth in newborns that erupt in 30 days
- most are primary, NOT supernumerary
- often multiple, thin, poorly formed, mobile, rootless
natal/neonatal teeth
*80% normal dentition
are neonatal teeth more max or mandib?
-85% mandib
what problems do neonatal teeth present?
aspiration, feeding problems, riga-fede disease
a traumatic granuloma of anterior ventral tongue associated with natal and neonatal teeth that is a red/white deep, irregular ulcer, that may have soft tissue involvement, heals in 7-14 days
riga-fede disease
lack of tooth developement
hypodontia
what is the prevalence of hypodontia?
-3-10% in perms
- 20% 3rd molars
- primary less than 1%
what % of hypodontia occurs with 1-2 teeth
80%
what is the most common primary tooth affected by hypodontia?
90% max mandib incisor
*high correlation for missing primary and perm teeth
what is the cause for hypodontia?
- familial tendencies and genetic mutations
- PAX9 gene
- MSX1 gene
- AXIN2
genetics involved with hypodontia that affects perm molars and other teeth in severe cases
PAX9
genetics involved with hypodontia that affects 3rd molars, 2nd premolars, +/- premolar, and max lateral incisor
MSX1
genetics involved with hypodontia that affects 3rd molars, 2nd molars, 2nd premolars, mandib centrals and laterals, max laterals and COLON POLYPS AND CORECTAL CANCER
AXIN2
which is more common, single tooth macro or micro dontia?
- micro = common
- macro = rare
what is the most commonly affected tooth by isolated microdontia?
max lateral incisor, followed by the 3rd molar
- prevalence is 1-8%
- autosomal dominant
- with peg lats, may see slight generalized microdontia
what is a syndrome of oligodontia and microdontia?
ectodermal dysplasia
*teeth, salivary glands, skin, sweat glands, hair, nails
which teeth are most commonly affected by macrodontia?
- usually isolated teeth
- perm incisors, canines, 2nd premolars and 3rd molars and PRIMARY 2nd molars
*rare for diffuse involvement
is macrodontia more often unilateral?
no, bilateral
in the PRIMARY dentition, what is the most commonly affect tooth by macrodontia?
2nd primary molar
anomalies of proliferation and morphodifferentiation
conjoined teeth
*could be germination or fusion
single enlarged tooth in which the tooth count is normal
- attempted division of a single tooth to divide
- most often incisors and canines
- eruption probs
germination
single enlarged tooth in which the tooth count is fewer than normal
- union of two different teeth (primary and perm)
- usually ant
- caries often develop
fusion
conjoined teeth by cementum?
concresence
lingual invagination of inner enamel epithelium that has deep lingual pits and prominent cingulum
dens in dente (dens invaginatus)
what is the prevalence of den in dente?
0.04-10%
what are the most common teeth affected by dens in dente?
max lateral incisors
*uncommon in primary teeth
what does a dens in dente look like on a radiograph?
-opaque oval invagination to crown or root, tooth within a tooth
what are large lesions in dens in dente referred to as?
dilated odontome
what is the treatment for dens in dente?
sealant, RCT
cusp-like enamel in central groove or lingual ridge of buccal cusp of premolar or molar?
dens invaginitus
are dens invaginatus more likely bilateral or unilateral?
bilateral (rare in primary molars)
what is the prevalence of dens invaginatus?
1-4%
what cultures most likely have dens invaginatus?
- asian or native american
* associated with shovel-shaped incisors
what are some problems associated with dens invaginatus?
- pulpal exposure
- parulis
- traumatic occlusion
cusp on the lingual of anterior tooth, ususally permanent
talon cusp
*pulpal tissue in cusps and traumatic occlusion
what is the prevalence of the talon cusps?
1-8%
what ethnicities most likely have talon cusps?
-asian, native americans, inuits, arabs
what syndrome are talon cusps associated with?
rubenstein-taybe syndrome
abnormal angulation or bend in root or rarely the crown of a tooth
dilaceration
what is the cause of dilaceration?
- idopathic
- trauma
- jaw lesion
- avulsion or intrusion of primary tooth
*could lead to delayed or aberrant eruption
what is the treatment for dilaceration?
ortho
