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Peds 2 (Exam 2) > Asthma and Allergies > Flashcards

Asthma and Allergies Flashcards

1
Q

chronic inflamartory disease of the airways with:

  • episodic or chronic symptoms of airway obstruction
  • bronchial hyperresponsiveness to triggers
  • evidence of at least partial reversibility of airway obstruction
  • alternative dx have been excluded
A

asthma

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2
Q

what is the etiology of asthma?

A

specific cause unknown but it is thought to deal with :

  • environmental (allergens, infections, microbes…)
  • biologic and genetic risks (immune system)
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3
Q

why is asthma important in kids/

A
  • most common chronic medical condition of childhood, causing significant morbidity
  • 6.3 million children have asthma (9%)
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4
Q

which gender is more likely to have asthma?

A

males

  • 80% of asthmatics report onset prior to age 5
  • leading cause of hospitalizations
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5
Q

type of asthma that is recurrent wheezing in early childhood, primarily triggered by common viral infections of the respiratory tract

A

type one

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6
Q

type of asthma that is chronic asthma associated with allergy that persists into late childhood and often adulthood

A

type 2

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7
Q

what is the pathogenesis of asthma?

A
  • airflow obstruction from bronchoconstriction
  • inflammation, edema, and mucus
  • production of pro-allergic, pro-inflammatory cytokines
  • mediation of inflammatory process by chemokines
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8
Q

triggered activation of MAST cells and histamine degranulation following exposure to allergens (dust, pollen)

A

extrinsic (allergic) asthma

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9
Q

trigger from tobacco smoke, air polution, strong fumes/odors, chemicals in air, respiratory infections, exercise, cold air, anxiety, stress, GI reflux. aspirin or NSAIDS

A

intrinsic (non-allergic/idiopathic) asthma

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10
Q

how many asthmatics have both types of triggers?

A

10%

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11
Q

what are the rescue medications for astmatics?

A
  • short-acting beta agonists (albuterol)
  • anticholinergics

*always bring to the appt

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12
Q

what are some comorbidities of asthma?

A
  • allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
  • chronic sinusitis
  • gastroesophageal reflux disease
  • food allergies
  • atopic dermatitis, eczema
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13
Q

what causes candadiasis in kids?

A

immature immune system, antibiotics, steroid inhalers, maternal infection, pacifiers

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14
Q

what are some oral disease prevention with asthmatics?

A
  • drink or rinse with water after inhaler use

- recommend inhaler extenders to dec risk of candadiasis

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15
Q

4% of asthmatics are allergic to NSAIDS, so what should you use instead?

A

acetaminophen

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16
Q

what is the prevalence for food allergies with kids?

A

2%

17
Q

what causes food allergies with kids?

A
  • aberrant immune response caused by exposure to specific food protein
  • may be IgE mediated, cell mediated, or both
18
Q

what are the major signs and symptoms of food allergies?

A
  • GI problems: nausea, vomitting, diarrhea
  • respiritory problems: sneezing, rhinorrhea, bronchoconstriciton
  • oral and cutaneous reactions: hives, eczema, angioedema
19
Q

well-demarcarted non-pitting oedema that is a reaction deeper in the dermis and subcutaneous tissues that was first described by Quincke in 1882

A

angioedema

20
Q

what causes angioedema?

A

same pathological factors that cause urticaria

21
Q

where is angioedema most commonly located?

A

face, tongue, eyelids mostly

22
Q

what is the big fear with angioedema?

A

may cause life-threatening respiratory distress if LARYNX is involved

23
Q

localized IgE mediated allergy, usually to raw fruits and vegitibles that most commonly affect pts who are allergic to pollens

  • symptoms are generally short lived
  • restriced to oral cavity
  • occasionally pruritis
A

oral allergy syndrome

24
Q

what are the symptoms of oral allergy syndrome?

A

-after contact to fruit or vegitible, rapid onset of itching of the lips, tongue, roof of mouth, and throat. WITH OR WITHOUT swelling, and/or tingling of the lips, tongue, roof of mouth, and throat

25
Q

how would you dx oral allergy syndrome?

A
  • reproducibilty of symptoms on exposure

- skin-prick test or blood test confirmation

26
Q

multiple red, annular patches with white scalloped border, LOSS OF FILIFORM PAPILLAE, may have burning or fissured tongue

  • occurs on the dorsum of the tongue
  • pain is persistent but waxe and wanes
A

benign migratory glossitis

27
Q

what is the prevalence of benign migratory glossits

A

up to 3% in all ages (more in kids)

28
Q

what is the cause of benign migratory glossitis?

A

unknown, allergy, hormonal

Peds 2 (Exam 2) (10 decks)

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