dental anomalies Flashcards
what is hypodontia
- congenitally absent teeth
what teeth are commonly missing in hypodontia
- lateral incisors
-mandibular premolars
what conditions are associated with hypodontia
- ectodermal dysplasia - intolerance to heat, little hair
- down syndrome - delayed exfoliation
- cleft palate - bone missing so sometimes extra or missing teeth
- hurlers syndrome
- incontinentia pigmentii
tx options for hypodontia
- local fixed ortho to oppose central incisors
- overdenture
- implants
- bone augmantation, sinus lift, distraction osteogenesis
incidence of supernumerary
- more males
- maxilla
-common in cleidocranial dysplasia
types of supernumerary
- Conical (cone shaped)
- Tuberculate (barrel shaped, has tubercles)
- Supplemental (looks like tooth of normal series) - commonly lat incisor
- Odontome (irregular mass of dental hard tissue, compound or
complex)
issues with size and shape of teeth
- micro and macrodontia
-double teeth - gemination, fusion - odontomes
-taurodontism
-dilaceration
-accessory cusps
-dens in dente
types of root anomaly
- short root (permanent maxillary incisors)
-radiotherapy can cause this
-accessory roots
cementum anomalies
- cleidocranial dysplasia
– hypoplasia of cellular component of cementum - hypophosphatasia
– hypoplasia or aplasia of cementum
– early loss of primary teeth
enamel anomalies
-amelogenesis imperfecta
-enamal hypoplasia
-hypomineralisation
what is amelogenesis imperfecta
- genetic autosomal dominant and recessive
4 types
- hypoplastic
- hypocalcified
- hypomaturational
- mixed form
how to diagnose amelogenesis imperfecta
- family history
- generally affects both dentitions
- affects all teeth
- size, structure, colour
- radiographs
what is cause of hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta
Crystallites fail to grow in thickness and width
what is cause of hypo mineralised amelogenesis imperfecta
Enamel crystals do not grow to the correct length
what is cause of hypo maturational amelogenesis imperfecta
Enamel crystals grow incompletely in thickness or width but to normal length with incomplete mineralisation
problems with amelogenesis imperfecta
- sensitivity
- caries/ acid susceptibility
- poor aesthetics
- poor oral hygiene
- delayed eruption
- anterior open bite
solutions to amelogenesis imperfecta
- preventive therapy
- composite veneers/ composite wash
- fissure sealants
- metal onlays
- stainless steel crowns
- orthodontics
systemic disorders associated with enamel defects
- epidermolysis bullosa
- incontinenta pigmenti
- Down’s
- Prader-Willi
- porphyria
- tuberous sclerosis
- pseudohypoparathyroidism
- Hurler’s
causes of localised enamel hypoplasia
- trauma
-infection of primary tooth
what is hypomineralisation
same shape but mineralisation stage goes wrong
causes of environmental enamel hypoplasia
- systemic
- nutritional
- metabolic e.g. rhesus incompatibility, liver disease
- infection e.g. measles
environmental causes of enamel anomalies
- fluorosis - do microabrasion therapy, veneers, vital bleaching
- MIH - associated with childhood illness or chronological hypomineralisation eg. liver or kidney failure
- prenatal - rubella, congenital syphillis, thalidomide, fluoride, maternal A and D deficiency, cardiac and kidney disease
- neonatal - prematurity, meningitis
- post natal - otitis media, measles, chickenpox, TB,
pneumonia, diphtheria, deficiency of Vits A,C&D. heart disease. Long term health problem e.g. organ failure
types of dentine anomalies
- dentinogenesis imperfecta
-dentine dysplasia
-odontodysplasia
-systemic disturbance
what is dentinogenesis imperfecta
3 types
- osteogenesis imperfecta
-autosomal dominant
-brandywine
