Dental anomalies Flashcards
What is amelogenesis imperfecta?
a group of rare, inherited disorders characterized by abnormal enamel formation.
What is the incidence of amelogenesis imperfecta?
1 in 14000
What are the 4 main types of amelogenesis imperfecta?
- hypoplastic
- hypomineralisation
- hypomaturation
- mixed with taurodontism
What is hypoplastic amelogensis imperfecta?
enamel crystals do not grow to the correct length
What is hypo-mineralised amelogenesis imperfecta?
Enamel crystals do not grow to full thickness and length
What is hypomaturational amelogenesis imperfecta?
- incomplete thickness
- incomplete mineralisation
- complete length
What are the three heriditary ways amelogenesis imperfecta can grow as?
- autosomal dominant
- autosomal recessive
- x-linked
What is molar incisor hypominerlisation?
hypomineralisation of systemic origin of 1-4 permanent molars , frequently associated with affected incisors
What is the prevalence of MIH?
10-20%
What are the pain mechanisms associated with MIH?
- dentine hypersensitivity - porous enamel or exposed dentine facilitatees fluid flow within dentine tubules to activate A -alpha nerve fibres
- peripheral sensitisation : underlying pulpal inflammation leads to sensitisation of C-fibres
- Central sensitisation: from continuous nociceptive input
What is the most critical period in the aetiology of formation of MIH?
- first year of life
- enamel matrix of crown of FPM is complete by one year
What questions to ask mother if suspected MIH?
- general health of mother at 3rd trimester of pregnancy (pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes)
- Ask about any birth trauma
- pre term birth
- prolonged breast feeding
- ask about any child hood infections or. medications (under the age of 2 )
- socioeconomic status
What childhood infections may be associated with MIH?
- measles
- chicken pox
- rubella
What are the clinical problems associated with MIH?
- loss of tooth substance (breakdown of enamel)
- toothwear
- secondary caries
- sensitivity
- appearance
What are the treatment options for MIH? (molars)
- composite or GIC restorations
- Stainless steel crowns
- adhesively retained copings
- Extractions
when do you extract first molars in MIH
- 8.5 -9.5 yrs
What are the treatment options for affected incisors of MIH?
- acid pumice microabrasion
- resin infiltration
- external bleaching
loclised composite placement - full veneers (composite or porcelain)
What is fluorosis?
it is a condition characterised by the change of enamel appearance due to overexposure to fluoride
What is hypominerlised enamel
systemic disorder associated with enamel defects
What systemic disoreder are associated with enamel defects?
- incontinenta pigmenti
- down’s syndrome
- prader willi
- poryphia
- hurler’s
What are the three types of dentinogenesis imperfecta?
- osteogenesis imperfecta
- autosomal dominant
- Brandywine
What are the characteristics of dentinogensis imperfecta type one?
pulp obliteration
abscess formation
bulbous crowns
enamel loss
What are the treatment options for dentinogenesis imperfecta?
composite veneers
over dentures
removable prosthesis
stainless steel crowns
What is enamel hypoplasia?
Enamel thinning or missing due to disruption in the formation stage of enamel , can be caused due to infections or trauma.
What environmental factors may cause enamel hypoplasia?
- systemic
- nutritional
- metabolic
- infection
What is dentinogenesis imperfecta?
a genetic disorder affectng the formation of dentine
What is chronological hypoplasia?
a break in the continuity of enamel with a reduction in the layers leading to depressions or grooves (it tends to be symmetrical and chronological)
How would you tell if a dental anomaly is caused from trauma?
history of trauma
if it is localised
how to rule out amelogensis imperfecta?
- family history
- primary teeth affected
- permanent teeth all affected
What is the presentation of fluorosis on teeth?
diffuse symmetrical markings
chalk white or brown if severe
normal tooth thickness
MIH presentation in mouth?
affects between 1-4 first molars with incisors
well demarcated white, yellow and brown
unsymmetrical with normal thickness
