Dental Anomalies Flashcards
what are the groups of dental anomalies that can occur?
- Number
- size & shape
- structure - hard tissue defects
- eruption & exfoliation
give an example of a dental anomaly that can affect number of teeth?
Hypodontia, supernumerary
what are some examples of hypodontia?
- 3rd molars
- lateral incisors (maxillary)
more common in permanent teeth than primary
what are conditions associated with hypodontia?
- ectodermal dysplasia (outer layer [ectoderm] of embryo does not develop normally)
- down syndrome
- cleft palate
- hurler’s syndrome
- incontinentia pigmentii
whats the chronology of dental management for a pt with hypodontia?
Regarding supernumerary teeth, give answers to the following:
- prevalence %
- what gender has more chance
- what arch more common
- 2-3% prevalence
- males:female, 2;1
- more common maxilla
what are the types of supernumerary, and what is each one?
- conical (cone shaped)
- tuberculate (barrel shaped)
- supplemental (normal tooth anatomy)
- odontome [irregular mass of enamel, dentine, pulp tissue] (compound/complex type)
what are examples for anomalies of SIZE & SHAPE?
- Microdontia (peg-shaped laterals)
- Macrodontia (rare)
- double teeth (splitting of 1 tooth into 2, or 2 teeth join to form 1)
- odontomes
- dilaceration (crown or root)
- accessory cusps (talon cusp, cusp of carabelli)
what are anomalies of root structure that can occur?
- short root anomaly
- accessory roots
- dilacerated roots
what are anomalies of enamel structure that can occur?
- [Genetic] amelogenesis imperfecta (hypoplastic enamel)
- [Environmental] Enamel hypoplasia - nutritional/systemic/metabolic/infection
- Localised enamel hypoplasia - trauma, infection of primary tooth
what is flurosis and how can it be treated?
- white/brown speckles on enamel (defect) caused by excessive fluoride intake during development
Microabrasion therapy, vital bleaching, veneers
What is molar incisor hypomineralisation & its associations?
- developmental defect of enamel (hypomineralised) affecting molars & incisors
associated with:
- childhood illness
- prenatal factors
- environmental influences
what are some PRENATAL (before/during pregnancy) ENVIRONMENTAL factors causing enamel defects?
- rubella
- congenital syphilis
- maternal vit a & d deficiency
- cardiac & kidney disease
what are some NEONATAL (first 28 days birth) ENVIRONMENTAL factors that can cause enamel defects?
- prematurity
- meningitis
what are some POSTNATAL ENVIRONMENTAL factors that can cause enamel defects?
- measles
- chickenbox
- tuberculosis
- Vit A,C & D deficiency,
- heart disease
- long term health problems
how can amelogenesis imperfecta be diagnosed?
- family history
- generally affects both dentitions (so if primary teeth have it, permanent most likely will too)
- affects all teeth
- tooth size, structure, colour
- radiographs
3 subtypes of amelogenesis imperfecta and what does each mean?
Hypoplastic:
enamel crystals do not grow to correct length
Hypomineralised/Hypocalcified:
crystallites fail to grow in thickness and width
Hypomaturational:
enamel crystals grow incompletely in thickness/width but to normal length with incomplete mineralisation
what dental problems arise from amelogenesis imperfecta?
- sensitivity
- caries/acid susceptibility
- poor aesthetics
- poor OH
- delayed eruption
- anterior open bite
what are solutions/tx options for amelogenesis imperfecta?
- prevention!! (Fluoride varnish!!)
- composite veneers/composite wash
- fissure sealants
- metal onlays
- SSC
- orthodontics
what things/diseases can cause anomalies to the structure of dentine?
- dentinogenesis imperfecta
- dentine dysplasia
- odontodysplasia
- systemic disturbance (metabolic, nutrition, medication)
how many types & what are the names of dentinogenesis imperfecta?
very uncommon
- type 1 (osteogenesis imperfecta)
- type 2 (autosomal dominant)
- brandywine (type 3)
how can you diagnose dentinogenesis imperfecta?
- appearance
- FH
- associated osteogenesis imperfecta
- both dentitions affected
- radiography: bulbous crowns, obliterated pulps (I & II)
- enamel loss
what problems can dentinogenesis imperfecta carry?
- aesthetics
- caries/acid susceptibility
- spontaneous abscess
- poor prognosis
what tx options are there for dentinogenesis imperfecta?
- prevention!! (Fluoride varnish)
- composite veneers
- overdentines
- removable prosthesis
- SSC
what are some conditions that are DENTINE DEFECTS ONLY?
- dentinogenesis imperfecta
- dentine dysplasia
- fibrous dysplasia of dentine
what are some GENERAL DISORDERS that can provide dentine defects?
- osteogenesis imperfecta
- rickets
- hypophosphatasia (deficiency of serum & bone phosphatase activity)
what are the 5 overviews of dental management for tooth structure conditions?
- continuous dental care
- management of growth & development
- removable prosthesis
- crowns & bridges
- interceptive ortho
what are conditions that affect the cementum called?
- cleidocranial dysplasia (hypoplasia of cellular component of cementum)
- hypophosphatasia (hypoplasia of cementum)
what can cause premature eruption?
- high birth weight
- precocious puberty (happens early)
- natal/neonatal teeth
what can cause delayed eruption?
- low birth weight children
- malnutrition
- down syndrome, hypothyroidism
what can things cause PREMATURE EXFOLIATION?
- trauma
- hypophosphatasia
- immunological deficiency
- following pulpotomy
what can things cause DELAYED EXFOLIATION?
- infraoccluded tooth
- hypodontia
- ECTOPIC permanent successors
- trauma
- ankylosis??
